专四模拟试题-阅读篇(附答案详解)

《专四模拟试题-阅读篇(附答案详解)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、Asthemerchantclassexpandedintheeighteenth拟centuryNorthAmericanColonies,thesilversmithandthecoppersmithbusinessesrosetoserveit.OnlyafewsilversmithswereavailableinNewYorkorBostoninthelateseventeenthcentury,butintheeighteenthcenturytheycouldbefoundinallmajorcolonialcities.

2、Noothercolonialartisansrivaledthesilversmiths‘prestige.Theyhandledthemostexpensivematerialsandpossesseddirectcormectionstoprosperouscolonialmerchants.Theirproducts,primaril)^silverplatesandbowls,reflectedtheirexaltedstatusandtestifiedtotheircustomers'prominence.Silverst

3、oodasoneofthesurestwaystostorewealthatatimebeforeneighborhoodbanksexisted.Unlikethesilvercoinsfromwhichtheyweremade,silverarticleswerereadi1yidentifiable.Oftenformedtoindividualspecifications,theyalwayscarriedthesilversmith，sdistinctivcmarkingsandconsequentlycouldbetrac

4、edandretrieved.Customersgenerallysecurethesilverforthesilverobjecttheyordered.Theysavedcoins,tookthemtosmiths,anddiscussedthetypeofpiecestheydesired.Silversmithscompliedwiththeserequestsbymeltingthemoneyinasmal1furneicc,addingabitofcoppertoformastrongeralloy,andcastingt

5、healloyinrectemgularblocks.Theyhammeredtheseingotstotheappropriatethicknessbyhand,shapedthemandpresseddesignsintothemforadornment.Engravingwasalsodonebyhand.Inadditiontoplatesandbowls,somecustomerssoughtmoreintricateproducts,suchassilverteapots.Theseweremadebyshapingorc

6、astingpartsseparatclyandthensolderingthemtogether.Colonialcoppersmithingalsocomeofageintheearlyeighteenthcenturyandprosperedinnortherncities.Copper"sabilitytoconductheatefficientlyandtoresistcorrosioncontributedtoitsattractiveness.ButbecauseitwasexpensiveincolonialAmeri

7、ca,coppersmithswerencververynumcrous.VirtuallyallcopperworkedbySmithswasimportedassheetsorobtainedbyrecyclingoldcoppergoods.Copperwasusedforpracticalitems,butitwasnotadmiredforitsbeauty.Coppersmithsemployedittofashionpotsandkettlesforthehome.Theyshapeditinmuchthesamemem

8、nerassi1verormelteditinafoundrywithleadortin.Theyalsomixeditwithzinctomakebrassformaritimcandscientificinstrum