国际经济学双语第1章

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1、ClassicalTheoriesofInternationalTradeInternationalEconomicsChapter1Chapter1ClassicalTheoriesofInternationalTrade1.1Mercantilism1.2TradeBasedonAbsoluteAdvantage:AdamSmith1.3TradeBasedonComparativeAdvantage:DavidRicardo1.4ComparativeAdvantageandOpportunityCost1.5Comparative

2、AdvantagewithMoreThanTwoCommoditiesandCountries1.6TheoryofReciprocalDemand1.7OfferCurveandTermsofTrade1.1MercantilismThemercantilistsadvocatedgovernmentregulationoftradetopromoteafavorabletradebalance.Ifacountrycouldachieveafavorabletradebalance,itwouldreceivepaymentsfrom

3、therestoftheworldintheformofgoldandsilver.Suchrevenueswouldcontributetoanincreaseinspendingandthusariseindomesticoutputandemployment.CriticsPossibleonlyforshorttermAssumingstaticworldeconomyChapter1ClassicalTheoriesofInternationalTrade1.1Mercantilism1.2TradeBasedonAbsolut

4、eAdvantage:AdamSmith1.3TradeBasedonComparativeAdvantage:DavidRicardo1.4ComparativeAdvantageandOpportunityCost1.5ComparativeAdvantagewithMoreThanTwoCommoditiesandCountries1.6TheoryofReciprocalDemand1.7OfferCurveandTermsofTrade1.2TradeBasedonAbsoluteAdvantage:AdamSmithWithf

5、reetrade,countriescouldconcentratetheirproductiononthegoodstheycouldproducemostcheaplyandenjoyalltheconsequentbenefitsfromthelabordivision.Costdifferencesgoverntheinternationalmovementofgoods.Theconceptofcostisfoundeduponthelabortheoryofvalue.Twoassumptions,withineachcoun

6、try:Laboristheonlyfactorofproductionandishomogeneous(i.e.ofonequality).Thecostorpriceofagooddependsexclusivelyupontheamountoflaborrequiredtoproduceit.1.2TradeBasedonAbsoluteAdvantage:AdamSmithAnarithmeticexampleTheU.S.hasanabsoluteadvantageiniPadproduction;itsiPadworkers'

7、productivity(outputperworkerhour)ishigherthanthatoftheU.K,whichleadstolowercosts(lesslaborrequiredtoproduceasetofiPad).Inlikemanner,theU.Khasanabsoluteadvantageinclothproduction.1.2TradeBasedonAbsoluteAdvantage:AdamSmithACaseofAbsoluteAdvantageCountryOutputperLaborHouriPa

8、dClothU.K.U.S.5sets15sets20yards10yardsChapter1ClassicalTheoriesofInternationalTrade1.1Mercantil