学术综合英语_罗立胜 u

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1、mainUnit1PresentingaSpeech2012PartASectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationTollRoadAtollroad(ortollway,turnpike,pike,tollhighwayoranexpresstollroute)isaprivatelyorpubliclybuiltroadforwhichadriverpaysatoll(afee)foruse.Structuresforwhichtollsarecharged

2、includetollbridgesandtolltunnels.Non-tollroadsarefinancedusingothersourcesofrevenue,mosttypicallyfueltaxorgeneraltaxfunds.Thebuildingorfacilityinwhichatolliscollectedmaybecalledatollbooth,tollPre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartA

3、PartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationplaza,tollstation,tollbarortollgate.Thisbuildingisusuallyfoundoneithersideofabridgeandatexits.Threesystemsoftollroadsexist:open(withmainlinebarriertollplazas);closed(withentry/exittolls)a

4、ndall-electronictollcollection(notollbooths,onlyelectronictollcollectiongantriesatentrancesandexits,oratstrategiclocationsonthemainlineoftheroad).Tollroadshavebeencriticizedasbeinginefficientinthreeways:1.Theyrequirevehiclestostoporslowdown,manualtollco

5、llectionwastestimeandraisesvehicleoperatingcosts.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation2.Collectioncostscanabsorbuptoone-thirdofrevenues,andrevenuetheftisconsidered

6、tobecomparativelyeasy.3.Wherethetolledroadsarelesscongestedthantheparallel“free”roads,thetrafficdiversionresultingfromthetollsincreasescongestionontheroadsystemandreducesitsusefulness.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBLis

7、teningLISTENINGSectionAtollbridgestollbridges:abridgeoverwhichtrafficmaypassuponpaymentofatoll,orfeePartAPartBLISTENINGSectionAfueltaxfueltax:(alsoknownasapetrol,gasolineorgastax,orasafuelduty)anexcisetaximposedonthesaleoffuelPartAPartBLISTENINGSectionA

8、.NewWordsandExpressionsboomingtrade兴旺的贸易immigrant外来移民linktogether连接起来turnpike收费路fee费vehicle车辆，机动车Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAListenTask1Listentothelectureandtrytoget