学术综合英语-罗立胜-u1

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1、mainUnit1PresentingaSpeech2012PartASectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationTollRoadAtollroad(ortollway,turnpike,pike,tollhighwayoranexpresstollroute)isaprivatelyorpubliclybuiltroadforwhichadriverpaysatoll(afee)foruse.Structuresforwhichtollsarechargedincludetollbridgesandtolltunnel

2、s.Non-tollroadsarefinancedusingothersourcesofrevenue,mosttypicallyfueltaxorgeneraltaxfunds.Thebuildingorfacilityinwhichatolliscollectedmaybecalledatollbooth,tollPre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInforma

3、tionplaza,tollstation,tollbarortollgate.Thisbuildingisusuallyfoundoneithersideofabridgeandatexits.Threesystemsoftollroadsexist:open(withmainlinebarriertollplazas);closed(withentry/exittolls)andall-electronictollcollection(notollbooths,onlyelectronictollcollectiongantriesatentrancesan

4、dexits,oratstrategiclocationsonthemainlineoftheroad).Tollroadshavebeencriticizedasbeinginefficientinthreeways:1.Theyrequirevehiclestostoporslowdown,manualtollcollectionwastestimeandraisesvehicleoperatingcosts.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListening

5、LISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation2.Collectioncostscanabsorbuptoone-thirdofrevenues,andrevenuetheftisconsideredtobecomparativelyeasy.3.Wherethetolledroadsarelesscongestedthantheparallel“free”roads,thetrafficdiversionresultingfromthetollsincreasescongestionontheroads

6、ystemandreducesitsusefulness.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAtollbridgestollbridges:abridgeoverwhichtrafficmaypassuponpaymentofatoll,orfeePartAPartBLISTENINGSectionAfueltaxfueltax:(alsoknownasapetrol,gasolineorgastax,orasafu

7、elduty)anexcisetaximposedonthesaleoffuelPartAPartBLISTENINGSectionA.NewWordsandExpressionsboomingtrade兴旺的贸易immigrant外来移民linktogether连接起来turnpike收费路fee费vehicle车辆，机动车Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAListenTask1Listentothelectur

8、eandtrytoget