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1、GrammarAnswerkeyforExercise1.defence,likely,Italy,canteen,represent,dash,approach,association,cheek,flightDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsAnswerkeyforExercise2.approached,Jordan,cheek,curiously,dashed,misunderstood,contraryAnswerkeyforExercise3.crossroads,adult,major,dormitory,greeted,represent
2、ing,association,spoken,Colombia,curious,flight一:V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。GrammarV-ing形式语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendoneV-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。1.作定语V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。-ing形式表示“供作......之用”
3、的意思,这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingAsleepingcar=acarforsleeping2)-ing形式表示“......的”意思,过去叫现在分词Asleepingchildworkingpeopletherisingsun-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等。
4、Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleentertheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴随动作)2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.(原因)3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.条件4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴随5)Hecamerunningbacktotell
5、methenews.方式6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(时间,可以在分词前保留when)7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.结果AttentionPlease-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现
6、在分词补充一个主语。)theBritishladytheColumbiantheJapanesetheCanadianYouseeherstepbackappearingsurprised.HisnosetouchesMr.Cook’smovinghand.Youseeherstepbackappearingsurprised.=Youseeherstepbackandsheappearssurprised.Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspokenlanguage.=Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsbythewayofusin
7、gunspokenlanguage.HisnosetouchedMr.Cook’smovinghand.=HisnosetouchedMr.Cook’shandwhichismoving.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Thisisanexperiencewhichis
