ABC of English Poetry (英文诗歌知识入门)

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1、ABCofEnglishPoetryABCofEnglishPoetryjohnfangSchoolofForeignLanguages,JiaxingCollege,PRCClassificationsofPoetryelegyLyricpoetryodesonnetPoetryballadfolkNarrativepoetryepicartBlankverseFreeverse(poetryinaformthatdoesnotfollowanyregularpattern)ABCofEngl

2、ishPoetryDefinition:“Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofstrongfeelings:ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”(WilliamWordsworth)TermsofPoetry(诗歌术语）metrics(诗的格律)、rhyme(诗的押韵)、variety、forms(诗的体式)etc.诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的feelings，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神

3、世界。诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。1.Metrics(诗的格律)“Metrics(格律)是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“ˊ”标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“o”标示，音步之间可用“／”隔开。以下是五种常见格式。FootFoot:thebasicunitusedinthescansionormeasurementofv

4、erse.Afootusuallycontainsoneaccentedsyllableandoneortwounaccentedsyllables,butthemonosyllabicfoot,thesponaicfoot(spondee)andthedipodicfootareallmodificationsofthisprinciple.（音步）ClassificationsofFootMonometer一音步DimeterTrimetertetrameterPentameter:line

5、offivefeetHetameterHeptameterOctameterNotes:seeasfollows.meter:(Gk‘measure’)referstothepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesinverse.InEnglishverse,meterisbasedonstressratherthanquantity.Alinemayhaveafixednumberofsyllablesandyethaveavaryingnumberofs

6、tresses.Metermeter:(Gk‘measure’)referstothepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesinverse.InEnglishverse,meterisbasedonstressratherthanquantity.Alinemayhaveafixednumberofsyllablesandyethaveavaryingnumberofstresses.ClassificationsofmeterTrochaic╲〇Iamb

7、ic〇╲Dactylic╲〇〇Anapaestic〇〇╲Amphibrach〇╲〇1.1iambus1.1iambus（抑扬格、轻重格）：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。O/O/O/O/Asfair/artthou/mybon/nielass,Sodeep/inluve/amI:AndI/willluve/theestill,/mydear,Tilla`/theseas/gangdry:RobertBurns(1759-1796):MyLuveIslikea

8、Red,RedRose注:art=areluve=lovebonnie=beautifula`=allgang=go上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：O/O/O/(O/)1.2Trochee1.2Trochee（扬抑格、重轻格）：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：/O/O/O/OTyger!/Tyger!/burning/brightInthe/forests/ofthe/nightWilliamBlake:TheTyger1