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1、动名词Grammar动名词的定义它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:(以write为例)时态语态一般时完成时主动语态writinghavingwritten被动语态beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten注意:动名词的否定形式是:notwritingV-ing形式的构成方式:1.在一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。eg.go–going;do–doing;as
2、k–asking;read---readingstudy–studying;carry–carrying;fly–flying;worry–worrying;2.在以不发音的e结尾的动词后,去掉e,再加-ing。eg.come–cominglive–livingdance–dancingmake–making3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词,而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,将这个辅音字母双写(x除外),然后再加–ing.sit–sitting;run–running;begin–beginning;forget
3、–forgetting4.在少数几个以–ie结尾的动词后:须将–ie变作y,再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明)eg.die–dying;tie–tyinglie–lying性质主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动名词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分?动名词的基本用法1.用作主语所表动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意:动名词做主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1)Itisno
4、use/good/useless+doing…2)Itisawasteoftime+doing…3)Itisfun+doing…在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。2.用作宾语1)作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,conside
5、r,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如:Theywentonwa
6、lkingandneverstoppedtalking.他们继续走,说个不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。为了便于记忆,特归纳如下:后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜:避免,错过,(少)延期建议,完成,(多)练习喜欢,想象,禁不住承认,否定,(又)妒忌逃避,冒险,(多)原谅忍受,保持,(不)介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyesca
7、pe,risk,excusestand,keep,mind2)作介词的宾语Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我们休息呢还是开始干活?Despitelackingmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforego
8、ingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames?注意:to在下列短语中是介词,常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopa