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1、第一章原核微生物Chaper1TheProkaryotesSection1BacteriaSection2ActinomycetesSection3CyanobacteriaSection4ArchaeobacteriaSection5Otherprokaryotes原核微生物：指一类细胞核无核膜包裹，只能称做核区（nuclearregion）的裸露DNA的原始单细胞生物。真核微生物：指细胞核具有核膜包裹的生物。原核微生物真核微生物核膜—+核仁—+DNA1条，不与RNA和组蛋白结合1~数条，与RNA和组蛋白结合
2、核糖体70S，在细胞质中80S，细胞质中70S，某些细胞器中细胞器—线粒体，叶绿体，高尔基体，内质网中间体+—原核微生物与真核微生物的区别1原核微生物与真核微生物的区别2原核微生物真核微生物细胞膜甾醇—（除支原体外）+呼吸链位置细胞膜中间体线粒体细胞壁组成肽聚糖或脂多糖几丁质，多聚糖或寡糖基因重组接合、转导、转化有性过程细胞分裂二分裂有丝分裂、减数分裂运动器官较细的鞭毛（中空管）较粗的鞭毛（9+2结构）或纤毛原核微生物细胞模式图真核微生物细胞模式图一、个体形态形状典型形状为杆状、球状和螺旋状；罕见形态如梨状、叶
3、球状、盘碟状、方形、星状、三角形等。第一节细菌Section1BacteriaspirallumShape:BacteriahaveafewbasicshapessphericalcoccusRod-shapedbacillusArrangementofSphericalBacterialCellsdiplococcistreptococcitetracoccisarcinaestaphylococciSphericalcoccusTheMicrococcaceaeThefamilyMicrococcaceae
4、containsgram-positivecocci,0.5-2.5μmindiameter,thatdivideinmorethanoneplanetoformregularorirregularclustersofcells.Allareaerobicorfacultativelyanaerobic.Thepeptidoglycandi-aminoacidisL-lysine.Thethreemostimportantgeneraare:MicrococcusStaphylococcusStreptococ
5、cusMicrococcus–aerobic,gram-positive,catalasepositive,cellarrangesmainlyinpairs,tetrads,orirregularclusters,nonmotile.Theyareoftenyellow,orangeorredincolourStaphylococcus-facultativelyanaerobic,gram-positive,usuallyformirregularclusters,nonmotile,catalasepos
6、itivebutoxidasenegative,fermentglucoseanaerobically.staphylococcistaphylococciStreptococcus-facultativelyanaerobicormicroaerophilic,catalasenegative,gram-positive,Cellarrangesinpairsorchains,usuallynonmotile,Afewspeciesareanaerobicratherthanfacultative.Bacil
7、lidivideonlyacrosstheirshortaxis,sotherearefewergroupingsofbacillithanofcocci.Rod-shapedbacteriaDiplobacillistreptobacilliSinglebacillusCoccobacillusClostridiumbotulinusC.butyricumC.aceticumC.tetaniC.putrificumBacillussubtilis,B.MycoidesB.PastturiiB.megateri
8、umB.ThuringiensisB.AnthracisB.BotulinusB.cereusSpore-formingrodshapedbacteriaAlmostallSpore-formingbacteriaareGram+Clostridium–AnaerobicBacillus–AerobicNonspore-formingrodshapedbacteriaMostnonsp
