2015考研英语一真题与答案解析

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2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionI  UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET. (10points)①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”　　①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.③10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.④Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!　　①Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.①Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.③Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on4.[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]know[D]seek8.[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive 1.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith2.[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions3.[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier4.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]express[D]understand5.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive6.[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor7.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic8.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.②Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).③ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.①Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.　　WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensive tasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain_______.　　[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport　　[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals　　[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly_______.　　[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality　　[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles_______.[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreatsText2①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.①Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthrougha suspect’spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.①Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.26.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto_______.[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents[B]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant[C]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof_______.[A]disapproval[B]indifference[C]tolerance[D]cautiousness28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparableto_______.[A]gettingintoone’sresidence[B]handlingone’shistoricalrecords[C]scanningone’scorrespondences[D]goingthroughone’swallet29.InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat_______.[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction[C]citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected[D]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat_______.　　 [A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly[B]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution[C]California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealteredText3①ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.②Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.①“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.②WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).③Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.④TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.①Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”①GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,isamemberoftheSBoREgroup.②Hesaysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”③Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.④ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”①JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward”and“longoverdue.”②“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.③Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,”hesays.④ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.①Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.②Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess”.③VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstplace”.31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that_______.[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks [C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto_______.[A]found[B]marked[C]revised[D]stored33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay_______.　　[A]poseathreattoallitspeers[B]meetwithstrongopposition[C]increaseScience’scirculation[D]setanexampleforotherjournals34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow_______.　　[A]addstoresearchers’workload[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText4①Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.②Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.③But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.①Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”②ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.①Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstand.②Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.③Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.④Othersawaittrial.⑤Thislongstorystillunfolds.①Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.②OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.③Thecoreofhersuccessful defencewasthatsheknewnothing.①Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.②Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.③Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.④Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.⑤Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.①ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.②Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.③MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby_______.[A]theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism[B]companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices[C]governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that_______.[A]GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime[B]morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions38.TheauthorbelievestheRebekahBooks’sdefence_______.[A]revealedacunningpersonality[B]centeredontrivialissues[C]washardlyconvincing[D]waspartofaconspiracy39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows_______.[A]generallydistortedvalues[B]unfairwealthdistribution[C]amarginalizedlifestyle[D]arigidmoralcode40.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?　　[A]Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.[B]Commonhumanityiscentralinnewsreporting.[C]Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.　　[D]Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartB Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)______________________________Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere？Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)______________________________Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)______________Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)_____________________Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)____________________Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthor willinevitablybefarlessresponsible.[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionIII Writing PartA51. Directions:Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10points)PartB52.Directions:　　Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points) 2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一参考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish(10points)1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.C8.D9.B10.D11.B12.D13.B14.C15.A16.D17.B18.A19.C20.ASectionⅡReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)21.D22.A23.B24.D25.C26.C27.A28.A29.C30.B31.B32.B33.D34.C35.A36.A37.B38.C39.A40.CPartB(10points)41.C42.E43.G44.B45.APartC(10points)46.这场移民运动由各种强大的动机所推动，在一片荒野之中创立了一个国家，并且，就其本质而言，它也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和决定了它的命运。47.美国是两种主要力量结合的产物：一个是思想、习俗和民族特征各不相同的欧洲移民，另一个是这个新国家在融合上述特征之后所带来的影响。48.但是美国独特的地理条件，不同种族之间的相互影响，以及在这个原始的新大陆维持原有生活方式的极大难度，引起了巨大的变化。49.十五和十六世纪的探索发现了北美洲，过了一百多年之后，第一批满载移民的船只越过了大西洋，驰往现在被称为美国的那片土地。50.这片原始森林中有数不清的树木且种类繁多，从缅因州一直绵延至乔治亚州，是一座名副其实的宝库。SectionⅢWriting(30points)PartA(10points)Dearfriends,Withthepleasuretobethehostoftheupcomingreadingsession,IamwritingtorecommendyouabookIhavejustread,ThreeDaystoSee,writtenbyHelenKeller.Irecommendthisbookforthefollowingreasons.First,thisbookisanautobiographyofHelenKeller,whichshowsthemysteriousmiracleandstrongpowerofmankindassheshowedinhergreatlife.Second,itteachespeopletomakegooduseoftheireyesandtoseetheworldearnestlywiththem.Atlast,itencouragesustoacceptthechallengesofdestinyandnevergiveupwhenfacingdifficultieswiththepersonalexperiencesoftheauthorherself.IhopeyoucanbenefitfromthebookIrecommendandshareyourreviewsonitinthereadingsession.Ifyouneedanymoreinformation,youcancontactme. Sincerely,LiMingPartB(20points)Thedrawingillustratesfouryoungsterssittingaroundatablewithbowlsandchopsticksandallkindsofdishesonit.Staringatthephonesintheirhands,theylosethemselves,sothattheyareabsolutelyindifferenttothepresenceoftheircompanions.Thedrawingintendstounveilacommonsocialphenomenonthatmanyyoungstersareindulginginthevirtualnetworkandareignoringthereallife,eveniftheyareinadinnerparty,soundedbylivepeople.Admittedly,theprevalenceofsmartphonesbringsconveniencetothemodernlife.Peoplecandosomereading,playgamesandhaveimmediatecommunicationwithanyoneanywhereintheworld.Ontheotherhand,becauseofpeople’sexcessivereliance,mobilephoneshaveinvadedeverycornerofourlife.Thoseyoungsterswouldratherchooseonlinechattingthanface-to-faceinteraction.Asaresult,lackofexercisescanincreasetherisksofhealthproblems.Whatismore,addictiontophonesisdisadvantageoustotheestablishmentofinterpersonalrelationship.Inmyopinion,theadvantagesanddisadvantagescancoexistformobilephones,anecessityoflife.Weshouldadoptcorrectattitude,carryoutrationalutilization,andmaximizetheirstrengths.Inaddition,humansaresocialbeings.Theyshouldbeencouragedtolaydowntheirphonesandinvolvedinallkindsofactivities,whichwillbenefittheirbodiesandharmoniousrelationshipwithothers.