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1、当代英美散文名篇选读：教师手册使用说明1．《教师手册》包括三部分：AbouttheAuthor（作者简介及课文出处等）、AbouttheText（难句分析、语言点、修辞等）、KeystoExercises。2．作者简介及难句分析和语言点的部分内容已收入教材的“注释”（NotesandCommentary），请教师在讲解前仔细核对。3．“练习答案”只提供第二至第五部分（即词汇、完型填空、改错、中译英）习题的答案。第一部分（QuestionsforComprehensionandDiscussion）涉及对课文内容的分析、作者态度或立场的归纳评论、以及修辞手段的运
2、用等，没有标准答案。教师可以在组织学生进行讨论、辩论、角色扮演或提问时灵活处理，适当提供背景知识、相关词汇等，引导学生得出比较合理的结论。4．中译英和英译中的答案仅供参考。5．练习经过多次修改，恐有不少错漏。不便之处，敬请谅解。欢迎使用者批评指正。编者2000年6月103当代英美散文名篇选读：教师手册UnitOneHowToGrowOldAbouttheauthorBertrandArthurWilliamRussell,3dEarl,1872-1970,Britishphilosopher,mathematician,andsocialreformer;b.
3、Wales.ThegrandsonofLordJohnRussell,the1stEarlRussell,hesucceededtotheearldomin1931.WhileteachingatCambridgeUniv.Russellproducedhismostimportantworks,PrinciplesofMathematics(1903)and,withAlfredNorthWHITEHEAD,PrincipiaMathenetica(3vol.,1910–13),inwhichheattemptedtoshowhowthelawsofmath
4、ematicscouldbededucedfromthebasicaxiomsoflogic.Hisworkinfluencedon20th-cent.symboliclogic,SETtheoryinmathematics,andLOGICALPOSITIVISM,especiallyintheworkofhisstudentLudwigWITTFENSTEN.Anundogmaticbutzealousrationalist,Russellwasdeeplyconvincedofthelogicalindependenceofindividualfacts
5、andthedependenceofknowledgeonthedataoforiginalexperience.Wellknownforhissocialviews,hewasanactivepacifistduringWorldWarI.In1927heandhiswifefoundedthehighlyexperimentalBeaconHillSchool.Hisliberalviewsonmarriage,sex,adultery,andhomosexualitymadehimcontroversialduringmostofthe1930s.Hea
6、bandonedpacifismduringWorldWarIIinthefaceoftheNazithreatbutrevertedtoitafterthewar,becomingaleaderinthe“banthebomb”movementtohaltthemanufactureofnuclearweapons.Inthe1960sheandJean-PaulSARTREorganizedEuropeanoppositiontoU.S.involvementintheVietnamWar.Russell’sradicalismkepthimfromatr
7、aditionalacademiccareer,andhesupportedhimselfchieflybyhiswritings,manyofthemwidelyread,e.g.,MarriageandMorals(1929),AHistoryofWesternPhilosophy(1945),andhisautobiography(3vol.,1967-69).In1950hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinliterature.Ressellhadoneofthemostwidelyvariedandpersistentlyinflu
8、entialintellectsoft
