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1、湖北大学真题2006年(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PartⅠReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningtheco
2、rrespondingletterinthebrackets.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoactapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Inthehealthcareindustry,however,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisamirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipb
3、etweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician,thephysicianusuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thep
4、hysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoi
5、sthereal"consumer".Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercentre"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.Althoughusually,thereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants--thephysician,thehospital,thepatientandthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment
6、)--thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician,thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpart,thepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillensses,orjustplainworries,thepatient'soptionsar
7、e,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Butinillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,suchchoicetendstoevaporate.Anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulkofthehealthcaredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75--80percentofhealthcareexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians.Forthisreason,economymea
