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1、阅读篇章1当前题号:第1-10题,总题数:50题5LineLowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponse
2、totheseconditionswefindinthe10cultureofpovertyahighincidenceofpawningpersonalgoods,borrowingfromlocalmoney-lendersathigherratesofinterest,spontaneousinformalcreditdevicesorganizedbyneighbors,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanyti
3、mesadayastheneedarises.15Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,usuallydonotbelongtolaborunions,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbank
4、s,hospitals,departmentstores,museumsorartgalleries.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeorthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernment,andacynicismthatextendseventothechurch.20ThisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforBeingusedinpoliticalm
5、ovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthe25wholetheydonotlivebythem.Thusitisimportanttodistinguishbetweenwhattheysayandwhattheydo.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,by
6、thechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopass30ontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorco
7、nsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomen.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthema35betterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,the