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1、阅读篇章1当前题号：第1-10题，总题数：50题5LineLowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.An
2、dasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthe10cultureofpovertyahighincidenceofpawningpersonalgoods,borrowingfromlocalmoney-lendersathigherratesofinterest,spontaneousinformalcreditdevicesorganizedbyneighbors,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsma
3、llquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.15Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,usuallydonotbelongtolaborunions,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfar
4、eagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstores,museumsorartgalleries.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeorthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernment,andacynicismthatextendseventothechurch.20Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahi
5、ghpotentialforprotestandforBeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthe25wholetheydonotlivebythem.Thusitisimportanttodistinguishbetweenwhattheysay
6、andwhattheydo.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopass30ontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpe
7、nseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomen.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthema35betterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatm
8、enhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,the
