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从语用学的礼貌原则看英语中的委婉语论文【Abstract】Euphemism,cosmeticenon,butalsoaculturalandsocialphenomenon.Itislikeamirror,reflectingthevalues,aestheticconceptionsandmoralconceptsinsomeextent.Euphemismplaysanimportantpartinsocialmunication.Itislikelubethatavoidshurtingtheotherparty’sfeeling.Itoilsthehumanrelationshipinmunicationandhelpstosavefaceofmunicators.Ifpeoplemakefulluseofeuphemism,itcanaccelerateandfacilitatehumanmunication.Thispaperelaboratesonthefeaturesandsocialfunctionsofeuphemism.Anditfocusesontherelationshipsbetism.Thesecondchapterdiscussesthefeaturesofeuphemisminmanyismfromtheangleofpragmatics.ThefourthchapterformsthebasisoftheismismandPolitenessPrinciple.Thelastchapterconcludestheismcancontributealottosuccessfulmessageexchange.【Keyyhusbandhasjustpassedtotheother side.”Theguestlookedfromthefenceofthegardenbutsaeanhe’skickedthebucket.”Theguestfortedherthat:“Ihopehisfootism,nordidheunderstandthe“conversationalimplicature”ofeuphemism.enusetheexpression‘toshootalion’.Adultsmaysay‘togotoismchangesanydifferentilitary,peopleusetheexpression‘tolosenumberofone’smess’.ThisexpressionorientsfromthemesssystemofUKnavy.Hoark‘30’intheendofaneeansending.”82.5.3DifferenceofstyleorcontextStylistically,theisms.Butindailymunication,peoplemayuse“tobegone”or“tobenomore”.Inobituary,peopleuse“topassaeismisrestrictedbythecontext.Forexample,“Onthe14thofMarch,ataquartertothreeintheafternoon,thegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.(F.Engels,SpeechattheGravesideofKarlMarx)”9Thisexampleinvolvesthepassingaan.Andthephrase“ceasedtothink”echoes“thinker”.Thiseuphemismproducesagoodeffect.3.Pragmaticfunctionsofeuphemism 3.1Taboofunction“Tabooisthemainpsychologicalbasisoftheemergenceofeuphemism.Euphemismistheavoidanceoftheunpleasant,inelegantthings.AfamoussociolinguistMr.ChenYuanoncesaid:‘Generallyspeaking,theingintobeingofeuphemismallbeginsfromtaboo.’Fromtheoriginofeuphemism,ism.Euphemismhasbeenusingforalongtime,anditiscloselyrelatedtotaboo.Infact,euphemismdatesbacktothelanguagetaboointheearlyperiodofhumancivilization.eattechnologistChimneyneyconsultantfiremanFirefighterGarbagemanSanitationengineerhairdresserHairstylisthousekeeperHouseholdexecutivePress-agentPublicrelationcounselorPrisonguardCorrectionalofficer3.3CoveringupfunctionInVaguenessLanguage,Channellstatedcoveringupfunctionasdeliberatelyation.inimizecosttoother; b.Maximizebenefittoother.Someexamples:a、Ifyoukeepthisdiet,you’llbeontheheavyside.(c.f.:Ifyoukeeponeatingtoomuch,you’llbeeveryfat.)b、Thankyouforyourkindhospitality.(c.f.:Thankyouforyourdeliciousfood.)(2)GenerosityMaxim(inimpositivesandmissives)a.Minimizebenefittoself;b.Maximizecosttoself.Someexamples:a、axim(inexpressivesandassertives)a.Minimizedispraiseofother;b.Maximizepraiseofother.Someexamples:a、Heisaseniorcitizennoanno(inexpressivesandassertives)a.Minimizepraiseofself;b.Maximizedispraiseofself.Someexamples:a、Thisisatokenofmyregardforyou.(c.f.:Thisisapresentforyou.)b、Yourpraiseisthehighesthonorforme. (c.f.:Thankyouforyourpraise.)(5)AgreementMaxim(inassertives)a.Minimizedisagreementbetizeagreementbeteexamples:a、Icouldn’tsharethesameideayposition,youe.(c.f.:Ihavetodoso.)(6)SympathyMaxim(inassertives)a.Minimizeantipathybetizesympathybeteexamples:a、IamsorrytohearthatyourfatherrestedinAbraham’sarms.(c.f.:Iamsorrytohearthatyourfatherisdead.)b、IfIightyenemy,too.)Leechtiespolitenesstotherelationshipbetsthat“static”feature,suchassocialdistance,interactic”features,suchasthekindofillocutionarydemandthespeakerismakingonthemaker,toproduceanappropriatedegreeofpoliteness.Thecoreofhispolitenessistominimizetheexpressionofimpolitebenefits.5.2PolitefunctionandPolitenessPrinciplePolitefunctionisthebasicsocialfunctionof euphemism.AndPolitenessPrincipleshoismalismcanmakepeople’srelationshipmoreharmonious.Buttherearealsosomeexceptions.Euphemismsofmilitarydonotaccordostofthetime.5.3PolitenessPrincipleandthecooperativePrincipleThePolitenessPrincipleshoandsthatinmunication,thespeakershouldcooperateismstoreplaceharsheetthepsychologicalneedsofface-ism.HoofRelevance”ofGrice’s“CooperativePrinciple”limitsthechoiceofeuphemism.Hesuggeststhatinmunication,thereplyofthehearershouldbecloselyrelatedtothespeechofthespeaker.Intheprocessofmunication,theeuphemismsusedjustnoarylanguagesymbols.Insuchcase,itplicatures.Inathecontext.(11)A:Hoachine.Here,fromtheliteralmeaningofB'sreply,heseemshaven’tansandRelationMaxim..北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995,12.PP207-2082李国南.辞格与词汇M.上海: 上海外语教育出版社,2001.PP245-2463向仍东.浅析英语委婉语的特征、构成及作用J．长沙大学学报，2005,11.P824同2P2515同3P2616同2P2627同2PP252-2538同2P2549同2P25810胡春梅.论委婉语的构成及功能J.浙江教育学院学报,2005,1.P3211刘纯豹.英语委婉语词典Z.北京:商务印书馆,2001.PP172-18012同10P3213同3P8414同3P8415吴祥云.委婉语的社会功用J.昭通师范高等专科学校学报,2004,2.P3416JoannaChannell.VagueLanguageM.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000,6.P17917李鑫华.英语修辞格详论M.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.P120 18同15P3519同17P12220同1P21221同16P17922李树德.冯奇.英语修辞简明教程M.上海:复旦大学出版社,2003,10.P5323同3P8424同17P11425何自然.NotesonPragmaticsM.南京:南京师范大学出版社,2003,1.P8326同25P8327JeanStilaticsM.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000,8.P6428彭莉.委婉语的社会语用功能J.池州师专学报,2004.P7629同25P8630同27P3031同3P84TAG：
