挡土墙的设计毕业设计外文翻译

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1、挡土墙的设计Section3Designphilosophy,designmethodandearthpressures3.1Designphilosophy3.1.1GeneralThedesignofearthretainingstructuresrequiresconsiderationoftheinteractionbetweenthegroundandthestructure.Itrequirestheperformanceoftwosetsofcalculations:1）asetofequilibriumcalculationstodeterminet

2、heoverallproportionsandthegeometryofthestructurenecessarytoachieveequilibriumundertherelevantearthpressuresandforces;2）structuraldesigncalculationstodeterminethesizeandpropertiesofthestructuralsectionsnecessarytoresistthebendingmomentsandshearforcesdeterminedfromtheequilibriumcalculati

3、ons.Bothsetsofcalculationsarecarriedoutforspecificdesignsituations(see3.2.2)inaccordancewiththeprinciplesoflimitstatedesign.TheselecteddesignsituationsshouldbesufficientlySevereandvariedsoastoencompassallreasonableconditionswhichcanbeforeseenduringtheperiodofconstructionandthelifeofthe

4、retainingwall.3.1.2LimitstatedesignThiscodeofpracticeadoptsthephilosophyoflimitstatedesign.Thisphilosophydoesnotimposeuponthedesigneranyspecialrequirementsastothemannerinwhichthesafetyandstabilityoftheretainingwallmaybeachieved,whetherbyoverallfactorsofsafety,orpartialfactorsofsafety,o

5、rbyothermeasures.Limitstates(see1.3.13)areclassifiedinto:a)ultimatelimitstates(see3.1.3);b)serviceabilitylimitstates(see3.1.4).Typicalultimatelimitstatesaredepictedinfigure3.Rupturestateswhicharereachedbeforecollapseoccursare,forsimplicity,alsoclassifiedandtreatedasultimatelimitstates.

6、Ultimatelimitstatesinclude:a)instabilityofthestructureoranyhartofit,includingsupportsandfoundations,挡土墙的设计consideredasarigidbody;b)failurebyruptureofthestructureoranypartofit,includingsupportsandfoundations.3.1.3Ultimatelimitstates3.1.3.1GeneralThefollowingultimatelimitstatesshouldbeco

7、nsidered.Failureofaretainingwallasaresultof:a)instabilityoftheearthmass,e.g.aslipfailure,overturningorarotationalfailurewherethedisturbingmomentsonthestructureexceedtherestoringmoments,atranslationalfailurewherethedisturbingforces(see1.3.8)exceedtherestoringforcesandabearingfailure.I