挡土墙的外文翻译

《挡土墙的外文翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、RetainingwallRetainingwallsareusedtopreventretainedmaterialformassumingitsnaturalslope.Wallstructuresarecommonlyusedtosupportearth,coal,orepiles,andwater.Mostretainingstructuresareverticalornearlyso;however,iftheaangleinthecoulombearth-pressurecoefficientislargerthan90°thereisareductioninlateralpres

2、surethatcanbeofsubstantialimportancewherethewallishighandawalltiltintothebackfillisacceptable.Retainingwallsmaybeclassifiedaccordingtohowtheyproducestability.①mechanicallyreinforcedearth——alsosometimescalleda“gravity”wall.②gravity——eitherreinforcedearth,masonry,orconcrete.③cantilever——concreteorshee

3、t-pile④anchored——sheet-pileandcertainconfigurationsofreinforcedearth.Atpresent,tilemechanicallystabilizedearthandgravitywallsareprobablythemostused——particularforroadworkwheredeepcutsorhillsideroadlocationsrequireretainingwallstoholdtheearthinplace.Thesewallseliminatetheneedforusingnaturalslopesandr

4、esultinsavingsinbothright-of-waycostsandfillrequirements.Cantileverwallsofreinforcedconcretearestillfairlycommoninurbanareasbecausetheyarelesssusceptibletovandalismandoftendonotrequireselectbackfill,typicallytheycompetewellincostswherethewallisshort(20to50minlength)andnotveryhigh(say,under4m).theyar

5、ealsowidelyusedforbasementwallsandthelikeinbuildings.Themechanicallyreinforcedearthwalloffig.23-1usestheprincipleofplacingreinforcingintothebackfillusingdevicessuchasmetalstripsandrods,geotextilestripsandsheetsandgrids,orwiregrids.Thereislittleconceptualdifferenceinreinforcingsoilorconcretemasses——r

6、einforcementcarriesthetensionstressesdevelopedbytheappliedloadsforeithermaterial.Bondstressesresistrebarpulloutinconcrete;soilreliesonfrictionstressesdevelopedbasedontheangleoffrictionδbetweensoilandreinforcementoracombinationoffrictionandpassiveresistancewithsoilandwiregrids.Theprincipleofreinforce

7、dearthisnotnew.Straw,bamboorods,andsimilaralternativematerialshavelongbeenusedintechnologicallyunsophisticatedculturestoreinforcemudbricksandmudwalls.Nevertheless,inspiteofthislongusage,Frencharchitec