土木工程毕业设计外文翻译

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1、宁波工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文原文I：AfundamentalexplanationofthebehaviourofreinforcedconcretebeamsinflexurebasedonthepropertiesofconcreteundermultiaxialstressM.D.KotsovosDepartmentofCivilEngineering,ImperialCollegeofScienceandTechnology,London(U.K.)Thepaperquestionsthevalidityofthegenerallyacceptedv

2、iewthatforareinforcedconcretestructuretoexhibit"ductile"behaviourunderincreasingloaditisnecessaryforthestressstrainrelationshipsofconcretetohaveagraduallydescendingpost-ultimatebranch.Experimentaldataarepresentedforreinforcedconcretebeamsinbendingwhichindicatethepresenceoflongitudina

3、lcompressivestrainsonthecompressivefaceinexcessof0.0035.Itisshownthatthesestrains,whichareessentialfor"ductile"behaviour,arecausedbyacomplexmultiaxialcompressivestateofstressbelowultimatestrengthratherthanpostultimatematerialcharacteristics.Thepresenceofacomplexstresssystemprovidesaf

4、undamentalexplanationforbeambehaviourwhichdoesnotaffectexistingdesignprocedures.1.INTRODUCTIONThe"planesections"theorynot,onlyisgenerallyconsideredtodescriberealisticallythedeformationresponseofreinforcedandprestressedconcretebeamsunderflexureandaxialload,butisalsoformulatedsothatitp

5、rovidesadesigntoolnotedforbothitseffectivenessandsimplicity[1].Thetheorydescribesanalyticallytherelationshipbetweenload-carryingcapacityandgeometriccharacteristicsofabeambyconsideringtheequilibriumconditionsatcriticalcross-sections.Compatibilityofdeformationissatisfiedbythe"planecros

6、s-sectionsremainplane"assumptionandthelongitudinalconcreteandsteelstressesareevaluatedbythematerialstress-straincharacteristics.Transversestressesandstrainsareignoredforthepurposesofsimplicity.Thestress-straincharacteristicsofconcreteincompressionareconsideredtobeadequatelydescribedb

7、ythedeformationalresponseofconcretespecimenssuchasprismsorcylindersunderuniaxialcompressionandthestressdistributioninthecompressionzoneofacross-sectionattheultimatelimitstate,asproposedbycurrentcodesofpracticesuchasCP110[1],exhibitsashapesimilartothatshowninfigure1.Thefigureindicates

8、thatthelongi