土木工程毕业设计外文翻译

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1、宁波工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文原文I：AfundamentalexplanationofthebehaviourofreinforcedconcretebeamsinflexurebasedonthepropertiesofconcreteundermultiaxialstressM.D.KotsovosDepartmentofCivilEngineering,ImperialCollegeofScienceandTechnology,London(U.K.)Thepaperquestionsthevalidityofthegenerall

2、yacceptedviewthatforareinforcedconcretestructuretoexhibit"ductile"behaviourunderincreasingloaditisnecessaryforthestressstrainrelationshipsofconcretetohaveagraduallydescendingpost-ultimatebranch.Experimentaldataarepresentedforreinforcedconcretebeamsinbendingwhichindicatethep

3、resenceoflongitudinalcompressivestrainsonthecompressivefaceinexcessof0.0035.Itisshownthatthesestrains,whichareessentialfor"ductile"behaviour,arecausedbyacomplexmultiaxialcompressivestateofstressbelowultimatestrengthratherthanpostultimatematerialcharacteristics.Thepresenceof

4、acomplexstresssystemprovidesafundamentalexplanationforbeambehaviourwhichdoesnotaffectexistingdesignprocedures.1.INTRODUCTIONThe"planesections"theorynot,onlyisgenerallyconsideredtodescriberealisticallythedeformationresponseofreinforcedandprestressedconcretebeamsunderflexurea

5、ndaxialload,butisalsoformulatedsothatitprovidesadesigntoolnotedforbothitseffectivenessandsimplicity[1].Thetheorydescribesanalyticallytherelationshipbetweenload-carryingcapacityandgeometriccharacteristicsofabeambyconsideringtheequilibriumconditionsatcriticalcross-sections.Co

6、mpatibilityofdeformationissatisfiedbythe"planecross-sectionsremainplane"assumptionandthelongitudinalconcreteandsteelstressesareevaluatedbythematerialstress-straincharacteristics.Transversestressesandstrainsareignoredforthepurposesofsimplicity.Thestress-straincharacteristics

7、ofconcreteincompressionareconsideredtobeadequatelydescribedbythedeformationalresponseofconcretespecimenssuchasprismsorcylindersunderuniaxialcompressionandthestressdistributioninthecompressionzoneofacross-sectionattheultimatelimitstate,asproposedbycurrentcodesofpracticesucha

8、sCP110[1],exhibitsashapesimilartothatshowninfigure1.Thefigureindicatesthatthelongi