外文翻译---高层建筑及结构设计

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1、附录：毕业设计外文翻译院（系）建筑工程学院专业土木工程班级070710班姓名张波学号070710317导师周雪峰2011年4月15日英文：High-RiseBuildingsandStructuralDesignAbstract：Itisdifficulttodefineahigh-risebuilding.Onemaysaythatalow-risebuildingrangesfrom1to2stories.Amedium-risebuildingprobablyrangesbetween3or4storiesupto10or20stori

2、esormore.Althoughthebasicprinciplesofverticalandhorizontalsubsystemdesignremainthesameforlow-,medium-,orhigh-risebuildings,whenabuildinggetshightheverticalsubsystemsbecomeacontrollingproblemfortworeasons.Higherverticalloadswillrequirelargercolumns,walls,andshafts.But,moresi

3、gnificantly,theoverturningmomentandthesheardeflectionsproducedbylateralforcesaremuchlargerandmustbecarefullyprovidedfor.KeyWords：High-RiseBuildingsStructuralDesignFrameworkShearSeismicSystemIntroductionTheverticalsubsystemsinahigh-risebuildingtransmitaccumulatedgravityloadf

4、romstorytostory,thusrequiringlargercolumnorwallsectionstosupportsuchloading.Inadditionthesesameverticalsubsystemsmusttransmitlateralloads,suchaswindorseismicloads,tothefoundations.However,incontrasttoverticalload,lateralloadeffectsonbuildingsarenotlinearandincreaserapidlywi

5、thincreaseinheight.Forexampleunderwindload,theoverturningmomentatthebaseofbuildingsvariesapproximatelyasthesquareofabuildingsmayvaryasthefourthpowerofbuildingsheight,otherthingsbeingequal.Earthquakeproducesanevenmorepronouncedeffect.Whenthestructureforalow-ormedium-risebuil

6、dingisdesignedfordeadandliveload,itisalmostaninherentpropertythatthecolumns,walls,andstairorelevatorshaftscancarrymostofthehorizontalforces.Theproblemisprimarilyshearresistance.Moderateadditionbracingforrigidframesin“short”buildingscaneasilybeprovidedbyfillingcertainpanels(

7、orevenallpanels)withoutincreasingthesizesofthecolumnsandgirdersotherwiserequiredforverticalloads.Unfortunately,thisisnotisforhigh-risebuildingsbecausetheproblemisprimarilyresistancetomomentanddeflectionratherthanshearalone.Specialstructuralarrangementswilloftenhavetobemadea

8、ndadditionalstructuralmaterialisalwaysrequiredforthecolumns,girders,walls,andslabs