外文翻译---高层建筑及结构设计

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1、附录：毕业设计外文翻译院（系）建筑工程学院专业土木工程班级070710班姓名张波学号070710317导师周雪峰2011年4月15日英文：High-RiseBuildingsandStructuralDesignAbstract：Itisdifficulttodefineahigh-risebuilding.Onemaysaythatalow-risebuildingrangesfrom1to2stories.Amedium-risebuildingprobablyrangesbetween3or4

2、storiesupto10or20storiesormore.Althoughthebasicprinciplesofverticalandhorizontalsubsystemdesignremainthesameforlow-,medium-,orhigh-risebuildings,whenabuildinggetshightheverticalsubsystemsbecomeacontrollingproblemfortworeasons.Higherverticalloadswillreq

3、uirelargercolumns,walls,andshafts.But,moresignificantly,theoverturningmomentandthesheardeflectionsproducedbylateralforcesaremuchlargerandmustbecarefullyprovidedfor.KeyWords：High-RiseBuildingsStructuralDesignFrameworkShearSeismicSystemIntroductionThever

4、ticalsubsystemsinahigh-risebuildingtransmitaccumulatedgravityloadfromstorytostory,thusrequiringlargercolumnorwallsectionstosupportsuchloading.Inadditionthesesameverticalsubsystemsmusttransmitlateralloads,suchaswindorseismicloads,tothefoundations.Howeve

5、r,incontrasttoverticalload,lateralloadeffectsonbuildingsarenotlinearandincreaserapidlywithincreaseinheight.Forexampleunderwindload,theoverturningmomentatthebaseofbuildingsvariesapproximatelyasthesquareofabuildingsmayvaryasthefourthpowerofbuildingsheigh

6、t,otherthingsbeingequal.Earthquakeproducesanevenmorepronouncedeffect.Whenthestructureforalow-ormedium-risebuildingisdesignedfordeadandliveload,itisalmostaninherentpropertythatthecolumns,walls,andstairorelevatorshaftscancarrymostofthehorizontalforces.Th

7、eproblemisprimarilyshearresistance.Moderateadditionbracingforrigidframesin“short”buildingscaneasilybeprovidedbyfillingcertainpanels(orevenallpanels)withoutincreasingthesizesofthecolumnsandgirdersotherwiserequiredforverticalloads.Unfortunately,thisisnot

8、isforhigh-risebuildingsbecausetheproblemisprimarilyresistancetomomentanddeflectionratherthanshearalone.Specialstructuralarrangementswilloftenhavetobemadeandadditionalstructuralmaterialisalwaysrequiredforthecolumns,girders,walls,andslabs