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1、山东科技大学学士学位论文附录：英文文献与翻译TheProjectCycleIfthequestion,”Whatdoestheworldbankdo?”hadtobeansweredinafewwords,thosewordswouldbe:”Itlendsfordevelopmentprojects.”TheWorldBank'smainbusiness,thatis,loanstothosewhohavebeencarefullyselectedandpreparedacomprehensiveass
2、essmentof,andstrictsupervisionaswellasthesystematicevaluationoftheparticularitem.BankforReconstructionandDevelopmentsincetheirinceptionin1946,anditssubsidiary'ssoftlendinginstitutions-theInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(theIDA,1961operationwasputintoop
3、eration),togetherprovidedatotalof3094Tforthehardwareprojectdevelopmentloansandsoftloans,thetotalhasmorethan92billionU.S.dollars.Thevastmajorityoftheseloans,thatis,morethan90%forspecificprojectssuchasschools,agriculturalproductionplanning,dam,roadconstruct
4、ion,andfertilizerplants.TheBankwillfocusonprojectloans,theWorldBanktoensurethatfundsareinvestedreliable,productiveprincipleoftheproject.Theseprojectscanpromoteeconomicdevelopmentinborrowingcountries,butalsotakingintoaccounttheabilitytorepayloans.WorldBank
5、isadevelopmentagencies,butalsoafinancialinstitution,theloanforeachprojectmustbeconsistentwiththecharacteristicsofthedual.Inrecentyears,thenumberofitemsandamountsofloanshavesignificantgrowth.Intheearly50,theWorldBank'sannualloansoflessthan20pens,atotalamou
6、ntofabout400millionU.S.dollars,andthevastmajorityconcentratedinEuropeandLatinAmerica;inthe1967financialyear,atotalof67loanstotaling1.1billionU.S.dollars;inJune1986ringthefinancialyear,山东科技大学学士学位论文approvedaloanfor246pens,thetotalamountofupto12.3billionU.S.
7、dollars,respectively,to90countries.Therehasbeennolessachangeinthecharacterofprojects.Fromlendingcountries,developmentstrategyandprojectdesignofloans,theWorldBankLoanofthegrowingtendencytodevelop.-Borrowingcountries:agradualshiftofloansinAsia,AfricaandLati
8、nAmerica,povertyandtheleastdevelopedcountries.-Developmentstrategy:theso-calledprogressive'stheory,thateconomicgrowthwilleventuallybenefitthebroadmassesofthepoor,theWorldBankhasbeenamorereasonablewaytoreplaceitsurba
