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1、外文资料译文PortlandcementofitsTypesandManufactureofPortlandcementPortlandcementismadebyheatingamixtureoflimestoneandclay,orothermaterialsofsimilarbulkcompositionandsufficientreactivity,ultimatelytoatemperatureofabout1450°C.Partialfusionoccurs,andnodulesofclinker
2、areproduced.Theclinkerismixedwithafewpercentofgypsumandfinelygroundtomakethecement.Thegypsumcontrolstherateofsetandmaybepartlyreplacedbyotherformsofcalciumsulfate.Somespecificationsallowtheadditionofothermaterialsatthegrindingstage.Theclinkertypicallyhasaco
3、mpositionintheregionof67%CaO,22%SiO2,5%Al2O3,3%Fe2O3,and3%ofothercomponents,andnormallycontainsfourmajorphases,calledalite,belite,aluminatephaseandferritephase.Severalotherphases,suchasalkalisulfatesandcalciumoxide,arenormallypresentinminoramounts.Aliteisth
4、emostimportantconstituentofallnormalPortlandcementclinkers,ofwhichitconstitutes50%--70%.Itistricalciumsilicate(Ca3SiO5)modifiedincompositionandcrystalstructurebyincorporationofforeignions,especiallyMg2+,Al3+andFe3+.Itreactsrelativelyquicklywithwater,andinno
5、rmalPortlandcementisthemostimportantoftheconstituentphasesforstrengthdevelopmentatagesupto28days,itisbyfarthemostimportant.Beliteconstitutes15%---30%ofnormalPortlandcementclinker.Itisdeclaimsilicate(Ca2SiO4)modifiedbyincorporationofforeignionsandnormallypre
6、sentwhollyorlargelyastheβpolymorph.itreactsslowlywithwater,thuscontributinglittletothestrengthduringthefirst28days,butsubstantiallytothefurtherincreaseinstrengththatoccursatlaterages.Byoneyear,thestrengthobtainableformpurealitandpurebeliteareaboutthesameund
7、ercomparableconditions.Thealuminatesphaseconstitutes5%--10%ofmostnormalPortlandcementclinkers.itisTricalciumaluminates(Ca3Al2O6),substantiallymodifiedincompositionandsometimesalsoinstructurebyincorporationofforeignions,especiallySi4+,Fe3+,Na+andK+.Itreactsr
8、apidlywithwaterandcancauseundesirablyrapidsettingunlessaset-controllingagent,usuallygypsum,isadded.Theferritephasemakesup5%-15%ofnormalPortlandcementclinkers.Itistetracalciumaluminoferrite(Ca4AlFeO7)su
