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1、外文资料译文PortlandcementofitsTypesandManufactureofPortlandcementPortlandcementismadebyheatingamixtureoflimestoneandclay,orothermaterialsofsimilarbulkcompositionandsufficientreactivity,ultimatelytoatemperatureofabout1450°C.Partialfusionoccurs,andnodulesofclinkerareproduced.Theclinkerismixedwithafewpercen
2、tofgypsumandfinelygroundtomakethecement.Thegypsumcontrolstherateofsetandmaybepartlyreplacedbyotherformsofcalciumsulfate.Somespecificationsallowtheadditionofothermaterialsatthegrindingstage.Theclinkertypicallyhasacompositionintheregionof67%CaO,22%SiO2,5%Al2O3,3%Fe2O3,and3%ofothercomponents,andnormall
3、ycontainsfourmajorphases,calledalite,belite,aluminatephaseandferritephase.Severalotherphases,suchasalkalisulfatesandcalciumoxide,arenormallypresentinminoramounts.AliteisthemostimportantconstituentofallnormalPortlandcementclinkers,ofwhichitconstitutes50%--70%.Itistricalciumsilicate(Ca3SiO5)modifiedin
4、compositionandcrystalstructurebyincorporationofforeignions,especiallyMg2+,Al3+andFe3+.Itreactsrelativelyquicklywithwater,andinnormalPortlandcementisthemostimportantoftheconstituentphasesforstrengthdevelopmentatagesupto28days,itisbyfarthemostimportant.Beliteconstitutes15%---30%ofnormalPortlandcementc
5、linker.Itisdeclaimsilicate(Ca2SiO4)modifiedbyincorporationofforeignionsandnormallypresentwhollyorlargelyastheβpolymorph.itreactsslowlywithwater,thuscontributinglittletothestrengthduringthefirst28days,butsubstantiallytothefurtherincreaseinstrengththatoccursatlaterages.Byoneyear,thestrengthobtainablef
6、ormpurealitandpurebeliteareaboutthesameundercomparableconditions.Thealuminatesphaseconstitutes5%--10%ofmostnormalPortlandcementclinkers.itisTricalciumaluminates(Ca3Al2O6),substantiallymodifiedincompositionandsometimesalsoinstructurebyincorporationofforeignions,especiallySi4+,Fe3+,Na+andK+.Itreactsra
7、pidlywithwaterandcancauseundesirablyrapidsettingunlessaset-controllingagent,usuallygypsum,isadded.Theferritephasemakesup5%-15%ofnormalPortlandcementclinkers.Itistetracalciumaluminoferrite(Ca4AlFeO7)su
