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1、GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeechⅠ直接引语和间接引语（Ⅰ）直接引语(directspeech):直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。间接引语(indirectspeech):用自己的话转述别人的话。1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句Shesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句Sheasked,“Whatar
2、eyoudoing?”SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化陈述句用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat。Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.Shesaid,“I’llgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusan
3、examtomorrow.陈述句解题步骤:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat(Idon’tlikecomputers.)Shedidn’tSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序Tomsaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”Tomask
4、ed(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithEnglish.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren’tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.一般疑问句解题步骤:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)A
5、skediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesarethereinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanyfactoriestherewereinourcountry.特殊疑问句解题步骤：Whendoyouharv
6、estthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat（youharvestthewheat.)heHarvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.选择疑问句用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorChinese.Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”Iaskedhimwhet
7、herhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,变间接引语时,时态可不变。Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Thechildrento
