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1、Phoneticsandphonologyarethetwofieldsdedicatedtothestudyofhumanspeechsoundsandsoundstructures.Thedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsdealswiththephysicalproductionofthesesoundswhilephonologyisthestudyofsoundpatternsandtheirmeaningsbothwithinandacrosslanguages.
2、Iftheystillsoundlikemoreorlessthesamething,readon.We’lldiscusseachoneindividuallyandthencomparethemsidebyside,whichshouldclearthingsup.PhoneticsPhoneticsisstrictlyaboutaudiblesoundsandthethingsthathappeninyourmouth,throat,nasalandsinuscavities,andlungstomakethosesounds.Ithasn
3、othingtodowithmeaning.It’sonlyadescription.Forexample,inordertoproducetheword“bed,”youstartoutwithyourlipstogether.Then,airfromyourlungsisforcedoveryourvocalchords,whichbegintovibrateandmakenoise.Theairthenescapesthroughyourlipsastheypartsuddenly,whichresultsinaBsound.Next,ke
4、epingyourlipsopen,themiddleofyourtonguecomesupsothatthesidesmeetyourbackteethwhilethetipofyourtonguestaysdown.Allthewhile,airfromyourlungsisrushingout,andyourvocalchordsarevibrating.There’syourEsound.Finally,thetipofyourtonguecomesuptothehardpalatejustbehindyourteeth.Thisstop
5、stheflowofairandresultsinaDsoundaslongasthosevocalchordsarestillgoing.Asliterate,adultspeakersoftheEnglishlanguage,wedon’tneedaphysicaldescriptionofeverythingrequiredtomakethosethreesounds.Wesimplyunderstandwhattodoinordertomakethem.Similarly,phoneticistssimplyunderstandthatw
6、hentheysee/kæt/,it’sadescriptionofhowmostAmericanspronouncetheword“cat.”Ithasnothingtodowithafurryhousepet.Infact,iftherewereawordinanyotherlanguagepronouncedthesameway,thephoneticspellingwouldbethesameregardlessofmeaning.Again,it’snotaboutmeaning.It’sstrictlyphysical.Phonolo
7、gyPhonology,ontheotherhand,isbothphysicalandmeaningful.Itexploresthedifferencesbetweensoundsthatchangethemeaningofanutterance.Forexample,theword“bet”isverysimilartotheword“bed”intermsofthephysicalmanifestationofsounds.Theonlydifferenceisthatattheendof“bet,”thevocalchordsstopv
8、ibratingsothatsoundisaresultonlyoftheplacementofthetonguebehindthete
