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1、feelingblueaboutworld?“cheerup．”sayssciencewritermattridley feelingblueaboutworld?“cheerup．”sayssciencewritermattridley．”theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein,anditwillkeepongettingbetterbothforhumansandfornature．” ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe’scaref
2、ullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogresstobebothunavoidableandgood．andthisiswhathe’ssetouttoprovefromauniquepointofviewinhismostrecentbook．therationaloptimist．heviewsmankindasgrandenterprisethatonthewhole,hasdonelittlebutprogressfor100,000years．hebac
3、kshisfindingwithhardfactsgatheredthroughyearsofresearch． here’showheexplainshisviews． 1)shoppingfuelsinvention itisreportedthattherearemorethantenbilliondifferentproductsforsaleinlondonalone．evenallowingforthemanypeoplewhostillliveinpoverty,ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutrit
4、iousfood,moreconvenienttransport,biggerhouses,betterears,andofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus．thiswillcontinueaslongasweusethesethingstomakeotherthings.themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe’llbe． 2）brilliantadvances onereasonwearericher,healthier,talle
5、r,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds-food,clothing,fuelandshelter-havegrownalotcheaper．takeoneexample．in1800acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work．inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes’worktopayfor．in1950itwaseightsecond
6、s．todayit’shalfsecond． 3）let’snotkillourselvesforclimatechange mitigating（减轻）climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimatechangeitself．achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage,wheretheuseoffossil-fuel（化石燃料）electricityisforbiddenbywell-meaningmembersofgreenpolitical
7、movementstryingtosavetheworld,isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange．ifclimatechangeprovestobemild,butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain,wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppedanose-bleedbyputtingatourniquet（止血带）aroundournecks． 63．whatisthethemeofridley’smostrecentboo
8、k? a．weaknessofhumannature． b．c
