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1、英文原文AnIntuitiveIntroductiontoLimitsLimitsisoneofthemostfundamentalconceptsofcalculus.TheconceptofcalculuswasnotthatclearduringthetimeofLeibnizandNewton,butlaterdevelopmentsontheconcept,particularlythedefinitionbyCauchy,Weierstrassandothermathematiciansestablishedthefirmfoundati
2、onofcalculus.Inthediscussionbelow,Iwilltrytointroducetheconceptoflimitsintuitivelyasitappearsincommonproblems.CircumferenceandLimitsIfwearegoingtoapproximatethecircumferenceofacircleusingtheperimeterofaninscribedpolygon,evenwithoutcomputation,wecanobservethatasthenumberofsideso
3、fthepolygonincreases,thebetterourapproximation.Infact,wecanmaketheperimeterofthepolygonascloseaswepleasetothecircumferenceofthecirclebychoosingasufficientlylargenumberofsides.Moreover,nomatterhowlargethenumberofsidesourpolygonhas,itsperimeterwillneverexceedthecircumferenceofthe
4、circle.Asthenumberofsideofthepolygonsincreases,itsperimetergetsclosertothecircumferenceofthecircle.Inamoretechnicalterm,wesaythatthelimitoftheperimeterofthepolygonasthenumberofitssidesincreaseswithoutboundisequaltothecircumferenceofthecircle.Symbolically,ifweletbethenumberofsid
5、esoftheinscribedpolygon,betheperimeterofapolygonwithsides,andbethecircumferenceofthecircle,wecansaythatthelimitofasisequalto.Compactly,wecanwrite.NumbersandLimitsWeendwithamorefamiliarexampleusuallyfoundinbooks.Whatifwewanttofindthelimitofasapproaches3?Toanswerthequestion,wemus
6、tfindthevaluewhereisverycloseto3.Thosevalueswouldbenumbersthatareverycloseto3–someslightlygreaterthan3andsomeslightlylessthan3.PlacethevaluesinatablewehaveFromthetable,wecanclearlyseethatasthevalueofapproaches3,thevalueofapproaches7.Concisely,wecanwritethe.英文翻译极限的一些直观介绍极限是一个最基本
7、的概念的演算。微积分的概念在牛顿莱布尼兹时代并不明确,直到后面柯西、魏尔斯特拉斯和其他数学家的定义才奠定了牢固的基础微积分。在下面的讨论中,我将试图引入概念出现在普通问题中的直观极限。圆和极限如果我们要使用多边形近似的计算圆的周长,即使没有计算时,我们能观察到,随着多边形边长数量的增加,它越来越接近圆。事实上,我们能使多边形尽量接近圆的圆周来计算圆的周长。此外,无论有多大的多边形数量,它们永远不会超过周长。作为多边形数量方面的增加,它的周长愈接近的圆周圆更技术性的术语,我们说的多边形边的数量无限接近圆周时,多边形和圆的面积是几乎相等的。一般的,我们设
8、多边形的边数为,为多边形的周长,为圆的周长,我们可以说,当时的极限是.简洁地,我们能写成.值和极限我们通常可