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1、附录1RURALFINANCE:MAINSTREAMINGINFORMALFINANCIALINSTITUTIONSByHansDieterSeibelAbstractInformalfinancialinstitutions(IFIs),amongthemtheubiquitousrotatingsavingsandcreditassociations,areofancientorigin.Ownedandself-managedbylocalpeople,poorandnon-poor,the
2、yareself-helporganizationswhichmobilizetheirownresources,covertheircostsandfinancetheirgrowthfromtheirprofits.Withtheexpansionofthemoneyeconomy,theyhavespreadintonewareasandgrowninnumbers,sizeanddiversity;butultimately,mosthaveremainedrestrictedinsize
3、,outreachandduration.Aretheybestleftalone,orshouldtheybehelpedtoupgradetheiroperationsandbeintegratedintothewiderfinancialmarket?Underconducivepolicyconditions,somehavespontaneouslytakentheopportunityofevolvingintosemiformalorformalmicrofinanceinstitu
4、tions(MFIs).Thishasusuallyyieldedgreatbenefitsintermsoffinancialdeepening,sustainabilityandoutreach.Donorsmaybuildontheseindigenousfoundationsandprovidesupportforvariousoptionsofinstitutionaldevelopment,amongthem:incentives-drivenmainstreamingthroughn
5、etworking;encouragingtheestablishmentofnewIFIsinareasdevoidoffinancialservices;linkingIFIs/MFIstobanks;strengtheningNon-GovernmentalOrganizations(NGOs)aspromotersofgoodpractices;and,inanonrepressivepolicyenvironment,promotingappropriatelegalforms,prud
6、entialregulationanddelegatedsupervision.Keywords:Microfinance,microcredit,microsavings。1.informalfinance,self-helpgroupsInMarch1967,ononeofmyfirstfieldtripsinLiberia,IhadtheopportunitytoobserveagroupofadozenManopeasantscuttingtreesinafieldbelongingtoo
7、neofthem.Beforetheystartedtheirwork,theyplacedhoe-shapedmasksinasmallcircle,chantedwordsandturnedintoanimals.Oneturnedintoalion,anotheroneintoabushhog,andsoon,andtheycontinuedtoimitatethoseanimalsthroughoutthewholeday,astheyworkedhardontheirland.Ireal
8、izedIwasontosomethingserious,andattheendoftheday,whentheyhadputthemasksintoabagandchangedbackintohumans,Istartedaskingquestions.Ilearnedthattheyworkedasagroup,tacklingthefieldsofeachoneinturn,carryingoutallthetasksperformedbymen.Fortheactiviti
