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1、外文翻译原文ManagingCreditRiskinRuralFinancialInstitutionsinLatinAmericanMaterialSource：RuralFinancialLearningCentre（RFLC）Authors：MarkWenner,SergioNavajas,CarolinaTrivelli,AlvaroTarazonaAdequatelymanagingcreditriskinfinancialinstitutionsiscriticalfortheirsurvivalandgrowth.Inthecaseofrurallendingin
2、generalandagriculturallendinginparticular,theissueofcreditriskisofevenofgreaterconcernbecauseofthehigherlevelsofperceivedrisksresultingfromsomeofthecharacteristicsofruraldwellersandtheconditionsthattheyfindthemselvesin.Moreextremelypoorpeopletendtoliveinruralthaninurbanareas.Inaddition,fewer
3、peopleareabletoaccessbasicinfrastructureservicesandthesetendtobeoflesserqualityortobelessreliablethaninurbanareas.Ruralresidentstendtobelesseducated,moreoftenthannottheyhaveinsecurelandtenure,andtheylivefartherapartthanurbanpopulations.Mostimportantly,agriculture,themainstayofmostruraleconom
4、ies,tendstobesubjecttopricevolatility,weathershocks,andtraderestrictions.Asaresult,financialinstitutionsthatareactiveinruralareasarelikelytofaceanelevatedlevelofcreditriskandneedtomanageitwell.Thelackofgoodriskmitigationtechniquesandhightransactioncostscandiscourageformalfinancialinstitution
5、sfromenteringandservingruralareas.ConclusionsandRecommendationsCreditriskmanagementinLatinAmericanruralfinancialinstitutionsisimprovingandevolving,butmuchstillneedstobedone.Manyoftheinstitutionssurveyeddemonstratedsuccessasmeasuredbyhighoverallratesofprofitability,lowdelinquencyratesinbothge
6、neralandagriculturalportfolios,andsustainedgrowthratesinagriculturalportfoliosovertime.Nonetheless,thepaucityofinstitutionsactiveinruralareasandexpresseddesiresforbetterriskmanagementsystems,therelativelysmallloansizes,andrestrictedtermsindicatethatthesituationislessthanoptimal.Therearefourw
7、aystodealwithcreditrisk—reduceit,copewithit,transferit,orretainit.Basedonsurveyresultsandthefourcasestudies,thefollowingtechniqueswereidentifiedasthemostimportantandwidelyused:1.Expert-based,information-intensivecredittechnologies(whereinrepaymenti
