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1、CENRTRALCOOLINGANDHEATINGTheenergyusedtoheatandcoolmanybuildingsoftencomesfromacentrallocationinthefacility.Theenergyinputmaybecombinationofelectricity,oil,gas,coal,solar,geothermal,etc.Thisenergyistypicallyconvertedintohotorchilledwaterorsteamthatisdistributedthroughoutthefacility
2、forheatingandairconditioning(cooling).Centralizingthisfunctionkeepstheconversionequipmentinonelocationanddistributestheheatingandcoolinginamorereadilyusableform.Also,acentralcoolingandheatingplantprovideshigherdiversityandgenerallyoperatesmoreefficientlywithlowercentrallocationanda
3、potentiallylargedistributionsystem.Thislessonaddressesthedesignalternativesthatshouldbeconsideredwhencentralizingthecoolingandheatingsourcesinafacility.Theeconomicsofthesesystemsrequireextensiveanalysis.Boilers,gas,steam,andelectricturbine-drivencentrifugalrefrigerationunits;andabs
4、orptionchillersmaybeinstalledincombinationinoneplant.Inlargebuildingswithcoreareasthatrequirecoolingandperimeterareasrequireheating,oneofseveralheatreclaimsystemsmayheattheperimetertosaveenergy.Thechoiceofequipmentforacentralheatingandcoolingplantdependsonthefollowing:lRequiredcapa
5、cityandtypeofuselCostandtypesofenergyavailablelLocationandspacefortheequipmentroomlAstackforanyexhaustgasesanditsenvironmentimpactlSafetyrequirementsforthemechanicalroomandsurroundingareaslTypeofairdistributionsystemlOwningandoperatingcostsManyelectricutilitiesimposeveryhighcharge
6、sforpeakpoweruseor,alternatively,offerincentivesforoff-peakuse.Thispolicyhasrenewedinterestinbothwaterandicethermalstorage.Thestoragecapacityinstalledforsummerloadlevelingmayalsobeavailableforuseinthewinter,makingheatreclaimamoreviableoption.Withicestorage,thelow-temperatureicewate
7、rcanprovidecolderairthanthatavailablefromaconventionalsystemthatsuppliesairat10to13℃.Theuseofahigherwatertemperatureriseandalowersupplyairtemperature,lowerstherequiredpumpingandfanenergyand,insomeinstances,offsetstheenergypenaltyduetothelowertemperaturerequiredtomakeice.Refrigerati
8、onEquipmentThemajortypesof
