fda 21 cfr qsr820 中英文对照版本

fda 21 cfr qsr820 中英文对照版本

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21CFR§820QualitySystemRegulation质量体系手册ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 SubpartA—GeneralProvisionsA部分——总则820.1Scope.820.1范围820.3Definitions.定义820.5Qualitysystem.质量体系SubpartB—QualitySystemRequirementsB部分——质量体系要求820.20Managementresponsibility.管理者职责820.22Qualityaudit.质量审核820.25Personnel.职员SubpartC—DesignControlsC部分——设计控制820.30Designcontrols.设计控制SubpartD—DocumentControlsD部分——文件控制820.40Documentcontrols.文件控制SubpartE—PurchasingControlsE部分——采购控制820.50Purchasingcontrols.采购控制SubpartF—IdentificationandTraceabilityF部分——标识和可追溯性820.60Identification.标识820.65Traceability.可追溯性SubpartG—ProductionandProcessControlsG部分——生产和过程控制820.70Productionandprocesscontrols.产品和过程控制820.72Inspection,measuring,andtestequipment.检查、测量,测试仪器820.75Processvalidation.过程确认SubpartH—AcceptanceActivitiesH部分—接收活动820.80Receiving,in-process,andfinisheddeviceacceptance.接收设备准则,过程设备准则,最终设备准则820.86Acceptancestatus.接收状态SubpartI—NonconformingProductI部分——不合格产品820.90Nonconformingproduct.不合格产品SubpartJ—CorrectiveandPreventiveActionReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 J部分——纠正预防措施820.100Correctiveandpreventiveaction.纠正预防措施SubpartK—LabelingandPackagingControlK部分——标签与包装控制820.120Devicelabeling.产品标识820.130Devicepackaging.产品包装SubpartL—Handling,Storage,Distribution,andInstallationL部分——操作、存储、分配以及安装820.140Handling.操作820.150Storage.存储820.160Distribution.分配820.170Installation.安装SubpartM—RecordsM部分——记录820.180Generalrequirements.总要求820.181Devicemasterrecord.产品控制记录820.184Devicehistoryrecord.产品历史记录820.186Qualitysystemrecord.质量体系记录820.198Complaintfiles.客户抱怨文件SubpartN—Servicing820.200Servicing.SubpartO—StatisticalTechniques820.250Statisticaltechniques.Authority:Secs.501,502,510,513,514,515,518,519,520,522,701,704,801,803oftheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(21U.S.C.351,352,360,360c,360d,360e,360h,360i,360j,360l,371,374,381,383).ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40SubpartA—GeneralProvisions4§820.1Scope.4ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 SubpartA—GeneralProvisions§820.1Scope.820.1范围(a)Applicability.适用性(1)Currentgoodmanufacturingpractice(CGMP)requirementsaresetforthinthisqualitysystemregulation.Therequirementsinthispartgovernthemethodsusedin,andthefacilitiesandcontrolsusedfor,thedesign,manufacture,packaging,labeling,storage,installation,andservicingofallfinisheddevicesintendedforhumanuse.TherequirementsinthispartareintendedtoensurethatfinisheddeviceswillbesafeandeffectiveandotherwiseincompliancewiththeFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(theact).Thispartestablishesbasicrequirementsapplicabletomanufacturersoffinishedmedicaldevices.Ifamanufacturerengagesinonlysomeoperationssubjecttotherequirementsinthispart,andnotinothers,thatmanufacturerneedonlycomplywiththoserequirementsapplicabletotheoperationsinwhichitisengaged.WithrespecttoclassIdevices,designcontrolsapplyonlytothosedeviceslistedin§820.30(a)(2).Thisregulationdoesnotapplytomanufacturersofcomponentsorpartsoffinisheddevices,butsuchmanufacturersareencouragedtouseappropriateprovisionsofthisregulationasguidance.Manufacturersofhumanbloodandbloodcomponentsarenotsubjecttothispart,butaresubjecttopart606ofthischapter.在本质量体系法规(QSR)中阐述了CGMP的要求。本部分中的要求规定了在下列情况下使用的方法:所有的预期用于人类的最终器械产品的设计、制造、包装、标记、储存、安装和服务中使用的方法。本部分的要求可确保最终器械的安全有效,并符合联邦食品、药品和化妆品法案。本部分内容确定了适用于最终器械的制造商的基本要求。如果制造商从事的一些操作符合本部分的要求,而不是其他部分的要求,则该制造商只需符合那些用于这些操作上的要求。对于I类医疗器械,设计控制仅适用于820.3(a)(2)部分列出的那些器械。本法规不适用于最终器械的组件和部件的制造商,但鼓励这样的制造商使用本法规中的适宜条款做指南。生产人体血液和血液组件的制造商可不遵守本部分的要求,但要遵守本章606的要求。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (2)Theprovisionsofthispartshallbeapplicabletoanyfinisheddeviceasdefinedinthispart,intendedforhumanuse,thatismanufactured,imported,orofferedforimportinanyStateorTerritoryoftheUnitedStates,theDistrictofColumbia,ortheCommonwealthofPuertoRico.本部分条款可适用于任何本部分规定的、预期用于人类的最终器械,这样的器械可在美国、哥伦比亚地区和波多黎各共和国生产或进口到这些国家。(3)Inthisregulationtheterm‘‘whereappropriate’’isusedseveraltimes.Whenarequirementisqualifiedby‘‘whereappropriate,’’itisdeemedtobe‘‘appropriate’’unlessthemanufacturercandocumentjustificationotherwise.Arequirementis‘‘appropriate’’ifnonimplementationcouldreasonablybeexpectedtoresultintheproductnotmeetingitsspecifiedrequirementsorthemanufacturernotbeingabletocarryoutanynecessarycorrectiveaction.本法规中使用几次词语“适当处”。当一个要求被“适当处”修饰时,这一要求就被认为是“适当的”,除非制造商能以文件的形式提出其它的正当理由。如果不实施某个要求就会导致产品不满足其规定的要求或制造商不能开展必要的纠正措施,则可认为这一要求是“适当的”。(b)Limitations.Thequalitysystemregulationinthispartsupplementsregulationsinotherpartsofthischapterexceptwhereexplicitlystatedotherwise.Intheeventthatitisimpossibletocomplywithallapplicableregulations,bothinthispartandinotherpartsofthischapter,theregulationsspecificallyapplicabletothedeviceinquestionshallsupersedeanyothergenerallyapplicablerequirements.局限性。除非明确声明有其他情况,否则本部分中质量体系法规是对本章其他部分的法规的补充。如果遵守所有适用法规(包括本部分的法规和本章其他部分的法规)是不可能的,则指定应用于讨论中器械的法规应代替其他通用的要求。(c)Authority.Part820isestablishedandissuedunderauthorityofsections501,502,510,513,514,515,518,519,520,522,701,704,801,803oftheact(21U.S.C.351,352,360,360c,360d,360e,360h,360i,360j,360l,371,374,381,383).Thefailuretocomplywithanyapplicableprovisioninthispartrendersadeviceadulteratedundersection501(h)oftheact.Suchadevice,aswellasanypersonresponsibleforthefailuretocomply,issubjecttoregulatoryaction.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 权威性。820部分内容的是参照权威法案501,502,510,513,514,515,518,519,520,522,701,704,801,803(21U.S.C.351,352,360,360c,360d,360e,360h,360i,360j,360l,371,374,381,383)而制定和发布的。如果器械没有符合本部分的任何适用条款会,按照501法案,可认为该种器械为伪劣产品,造成器械不符合性的人员都要负一定责任。(d)Foreignmanufacturers.IfamanufacturerwhooffersdevicesforimportintotheUnitedStatesrefusestopermitorallowthecompletionofaFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)inspectionoftheforeignfacilityforthepurposeofdeterminingcompliancewiththispart,itshallappearforpurposesofsection801(a)oftheact,thatthemethodsusedin,andthefacilitiesandcontrolsusedfor,thedesign,manufacture,packaging,labeling,storage,installation,orservicingofanydevicesproducedatsuchfacilitythatareofferedforimportintotheUnitedStatesdonotconformtotherequirementsofsection520(f)oftheactandthispartandthatthedevicesmanufacturedatthatfacilityareadulteratedundersection501(h)oftheact.国外制造商:如果将器械进口到美国的制造商拒绝接受FDA对其国外设施的检查,以确定是否符合本部分801法案的内容,则可认为生产该器械所使用的方法,设施、设备以及在该场地下生产的、将要进口到美国的器械的设计、生产、包装、标记、贮存、安装或服务不符合520(f)法案和本部分内容的要求,并且按照501(h)法案的规定,该场地下生产的器械为伪劣产品。(e)Exemptionsorvariances.豁免或特殊许可:(1)Anypersonwhowishestopetitionforanexemptionorvariancefromanydevicequalitysystemrequirementissubjecttotherequirementsofsection520(f)(2)oftheact.Petitionsforanexemptionorvarianceshallbesubmittedaccordingtotheproceduressetforthin§10.30ofthischapter,theFDA’sadministrativeprocedures.GuidanceisavailablefromtheCenterforDevicesandRadiologicalHealth,DivisionofSmallManufacturersAssistance,(HFZ–220),1350PiccardDr.,Rockville,MD20850,U.S.A.,telephone1–800–638–2041or1–301–443–6597,FAX301–443–8818.(1)任何申请对器械质量体系要求豁免或特殊许可的人员都要遵守法案520(f)(2)的要求。按照本章10.30中阐述的程序要求(FDA的管理程序),将豁免或特殊许可的申请提交给FDA。可从器械与辐射健康中心,小型制造商服务部(HFZ-220)获得指南。(2)FDAmayinitiateandgrantavariancefromanydevicequalitysystemrequirementwhentheagencydeterminesthatsuchvarianceisinthebestinterestofthepublichealth.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 Suchvariancewillremainineffectonlysolongasthereremainsapublichealthneedforthedeviceandthedevicewouldnotlikelybemadesufficientlyavailablewithoutthevariance.当代理商确定这样的特殊许可是为了公众健康的利益,FDA可鼓励并允许器械的质量体系要求有一些特殊许可。而且这样的许可只有在保持器械一直有利于公众的健康时才能保持其有效性,在没有特殊许可的情况下不能大量的制造器械。1.§820.3Definitions.定义(a)ActmeanstheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct,asamended(secs.201–903,52Stat.1040etseq.,asamended(21U.S.C.321–394)).Alldefinitionsinsection201oftheactshallapplytotheregulationsinthispart.法案是指联邦食品、药品和化装品法案。法案中201部分中规定的所有定义都适用于本部分的法规。(b)Complaintmeansanywritten,electronic,ororalcommunicationthatallegesdeficienciesrelatedtotheidentity,quality,durability,reliability,safety,effectiveness,orperformanceofadeviceafteritisreleasedfordistribution.抱怨:抱怨是指任何以书面、口头、电讯的形式宣称,已放行销售的医疗器械在其特性、质量、耐用性、可靠性、安全性、有效性及性能等方面存在不足的行为。(c)Componentmeansanyrawmaterial,substance,piece,part,software,firmware,labeling,orassemblywhichisintendedtobeincludedaspartofthefinished,packaged,andlabeleddevice.组件:组件是指任何原材料、物质、零件、部件、软件、固件(软件硬件相结合)、标记或装配件,可作为最终器械、包装器械和标记器械的一部分。(d)Controlnumbermeansanydistinctivesymbols,suchasadistinctivecombinationoflettersornumbers,orboth,fromwhichthehistoryofthemanufacturing,packaging,labeling,anddistributionofaunit,lot,orbatchoffinisheddevicescanbedetermined.控制号码是指任何有特色的符号,如:字母或数字的有特色的组合,或者两者的结合,从中可以确定最终产品批或单元的生产、包装、标记和销售的历史。(e)Designhistoryfile(DHF)meansacompilationofrecordswhichdescribesthedesignhistoryofafinisheddevice.设计历史文件(DHF)是指记录的汇编,描述了一个最终器械的设计历史。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (f)Designinputmeansthephysicalandperformancerequirementsofadevicethatareusedasabasisfordevicedesign.设计输入是指器械的物理要求和性能要求,其可作为器械的设计基础。(g)Designoutputmeanstheresultsofadesigneffortateachdesignphaseandattheendofthetotaldesigneffort.Thefinisheddesignoutputisthebasisforthedevicemasterrecord.Thetotalfinisheddesignoutputconsistsofthedevice,itspackagingandlabeling,andthedevicemasterrecord.设计输出是指每一设计阶段和总体设计的设计努力的结果。最终器械的设计输出是由器械、器械的包装、标签和器械主记录构成。(h)Designreviewmeansadocumented,comprehensive,systematicexaminationofadesigntoevaluatetheadequacyofthedesignrequirements,toevaluatethecapabilityofthedesigntomeettheserequirements,andtoidentifyproblems.设计评审是指对设计的形成文件的、全面的、系统的检查以便评价设计要求的充分性,设计满足要求的能力以及识别问题。(i)Devicehistoryrecord(DHR)meansacompilationofrecordscontainingtheproductionhistoryofafinisheddevice.设备历史记录(DHR)是指包含最终器械生产历史的记录汇编(j)Devicemasterrecord(DMR)meansacompilationofrecordscontainingtheproceduresandspecificationsforafinisheddevice.器械主记录(DMR)是指包含最终器械的程序和规范的记录汇编。(k)Establishmeansdefine,document(inwritingorelectronically),andimplement.建立是指规定、形成文件(手写的、电子的)和实施。(l)Finisheddevicemeansanydeviceoraccessorytoanydevicethatissuitableforuseorcapableoffunctioning,whetherornotitispackaged,labeled,orsterilized.最终器械是指任何适于使用或能够运行的器械或器械的附件,无论其是否经包装、标记或灭菌。(m)Lotorbatchmeansoneormorecomponentsorfinisheddevicesthatconsistofasingletype,model,class,size,composition,orsoftwareversionthataremanufacturedunderessentiallythesameconditionsandthatareintendedtohaveuniformcharacteristicsandqualitywithinspecifiedlimits.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 批是指最终器械、一个或多个组件,其可由唯一的型号、规格、类型、尺寸、结构或软件版本构成,这些器械和组件是在相同的条件下生产的,在规定的范围内有相同的特性和质量。(n)Managementwithexecutiveresponsibilitymeansthosesenioremployeesofamanufacturerwhohavetheauthoritytoestablishormakechangestothemanufacturer’squalitypolicyandqualitysystem.有行政职责的管理者是指有权确定质量方针和质量体系或对质量方针和质量体系作出更改的制造商的高级雇员。(o)Manufacturermeansanypersonwhodesigns,manufactures,fabricates,assembles,orprocessesafinisheddevice.Manufacturerincludesbutisnotlimitedtothosewhoperformthefunctionsofcontractsterilization,installation,relabeling,remanufacturing,repacking,orspecificationdevelopment,andinitialdistributorsofforeignentitiesperformingthesefunctions.制造商是指任何对最终器械进行设计、生产、制作、组装或加工的人。制造商包括但并不仅仅只限于是那些完成灭菌、安装、重新标记、重新制造、重新包装、制定规范的人,或者完成上述操作的境外初始销售商(p)Manufacturingmaterialmeansanymaterialorsubstanceusedinorusedtofacilitatethemanufacturingprocess,aconcomitantconstituent,orabyproductconstituentproducedduringthemanufacturingprocess,whichispresentinoronthefinisheddeviceasaresidueorimpuritynotbydesignorintentofthemanufacturer.制造材料是指任何使用的材料或物质,这些材料的使用可便于生产加工,或在生产过程中产生的伴随物或副产物,这些物质的是作为残留物或杂质存在于最终器械上,它的产生不是设计出来的,也不是制造商想要的。(q)Nonconformitymeansthenonfulfillmentofaspecifiedrequirement.不合格是指不满足规定要求(r)Productmeanscomponents,manufacturingmaterials,in-processdevices,finisheddevices,andreturneddevices.产品是指组件、制造材料、过程中的器械、最终器械和返回器械。(s)Qualitymeansthetotalityoffeaturesandcharacteristicsthatbearontheabilityofadevicetosatisfyfitness-for-use,includingsafetyandperformance.质量是指器械满足良好使用性能的总体的特性和性能,包括安全和性能。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (t)Qualityauditmeansasystematic,independentexaminationofamanufacturer’squalitysystemthatisperformedatdefinedintervalsandatsufficientfrequencytodeterminewhetherbothqualitysystemactivitiesandtheresultsofsuchactivitiescomplywithqualitysystemprocedures,thattheseproceduresareimplementedeffectively,andthattheseproceduresaresuitabletoachievequalitysystemobjectives.质量审核是指按照规定的时间间隔对制造商的质量体系进行的系统的、独立的检查,以确定质量体系活动和活动的结果符合质量体系程序,并确保质量体系程序得到有效的实施并适合于实现质量体系的目标。(u)Qualitypolicymeanstheoverallintentionsanddirectionofanorganizationwithrespecttoquality,asestablishedbymanagementwithexecutiveresponsibility.质量方针是指与组织质量有关的总的意图和方向,质量方针是由最高管理层制定的。(v)Qualitysystemmeanstheorganizationalstructure,responsibilities,procedures,processes,andresourcesforimplementingqualitymanagement.质量体系是指完成组织的质量管理所需的组织结构、职责、程序、过程和资源。(w)Remanufacturermeansanypersonwhoprocesses,conditions,renovates,repackages,restores,ordoesanyotheracttoafinisheddevicethatsignificantlychangesthefinisheddevice’sperformanceorsafetyspecifications,orintendeduse.二手制造商是指加工、改造、翻修、再次包装、修复或对最终器械采取其他措施来对器械的性能或安全规范或预期用途做重要更改的人。(x)ReworkmeansactiontakenonanonconformingproductsothatitwillfulfillthespecifiedDMRrequirementsbeforeitisreleasedfordistribution.返工是指对不合格产品采取的措施以便使其在放行和销售前满足规定的器械主记录的要求。(y)Specificationmeansanyrequirementwithwhichaproduct,process,service,orotheractivitymustconform.规范是指产品、过程、服务或其他活动必须满足的任何要求。(z)Validationmeansconfirmationbyexaminationandprovisionofobjectiveevidencethattheparticularrequirementsforaspecificintendedusecanbeconsistentlyfulfilled.确认是指通过检查和提供客观证据确认能够持续的满足指定用途的特殊要求。(1)Processvalidationmeansestablishingbyobjectiveevidencethataprocessconsistentlyproducesaresultorproductmeetingitspredeterminedspecifications.过程确认是指通过客观证据确定过程能持续生产出满足其预先确定的规范要求。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (2)Designvalidationmeansestablishingbyobjectiveevidencethatdevicespecificationsconformwithuserneedsandintendeduse(s).设计确认是指通过客观证据来确定器械规范符合用户需求和预期使用用途。(aa)Verificationmeansconfirmationbyexaminationandprovisionofobjectiveevidencethatspecifiedrequirementshavebeenfulfilled.验证是指通过检查和提供客观证据以确认规定的要求是否得到满足。1.§820.5Qualitysystems质量体系Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainaqualitysystemthatisappropriateforthespecificmedicaldevice(s)designedormanufactured,andthatmeetstherequirementsofthispart.每一个制造商应建立和保持一个适用于指定医疗器械设计和生产的质量体系并满足本部分的要求。SubpartB—QualitySystemRequirementsB部分:质量体系要求§820.20Managementresponsibility管理职责(a)Qualitypolicy:Managementwithexecutiveresponsibilityshallestablishitspolicyandobjectivesfor,andcommitmentto,quality.Managementwithexecutiveresponsibilityshallensurethatthequalitypolicyisunderstood,implemented,andmaintainedatalllevelsoftheorganization.质量方针:最高管理者应制定企业的质量方针和目标和对质量的承诺。最高管理者应确保质量方针在组织内各层次得到理解、实施和保持。(b)Organization:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainanadequateorganizationalstructuretoensurethatdevicesaredesignedandproducedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthispart.组织:每一个制造商应建立和保持适宜的组织结构以确保器械的设计和生产按照本部分的要求进行。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (1)Responsibilityandauthority:Eachmanufacturershallestablishtheappropriateresponsibility,authority,andinterrelationofallpersonnelwhomanage,perform,andassessworkaffectingquality,andprovidetheindependenceandauthoritynecessarytoperformthesetasks.职责和权限:每一个制造商应确定人员的职责、权限和相互关系,这些人员负责管理、执行和评价对质量有影响的工作。(2)Resources:Eachmanufacturershallprovideadequateresources,includingtheassignmentoftrainedpersonnel,formanagement,performanceofwork,andassessmentactivities,includinginternalqualityaudits,tomeettherequirementsofthispart.资源:每一个制造商应提供充足的资源以满足本部分的要求,包括指定培训管理人员,操作人员的人员,以及评价活动(包括内部审核)。(3)Managementrepresentative:Managementwithexecutiveresponsibilityshallappoint,anddocumentsuchappointmentof,amemberofmanagementwho,irrespectiveofotherresponsibilities,shallhaveestablishedauthorityoverandresponsibilityfor:管理者代表:最高管理者应任命一名管理者并记录这样的任命,不管在其他方面的职责如何,他应该具有以下方面的职责和权限:(i)Ensuringthatqualitysystemrequirementsareeffectivelyestablishedandeffectivelymaintainedinaccordancewiththispart;and确保质量管理体系要求能按照本部分的要求得到有效的建立和保持。(ii)Reportingontheperformanceofthequalitysystemtomanagementwithexecutiveresponsibilityforreview.向最高管理者汇报质量体系的业绩。(c)Managementreview:Managementwithexecutiveresponsibilityshallreviewthesuitabilityandeffectivenessofthequalitysystematdefinedintervalsandwithsufficientfrequencyaccordingtoestablishedprocedurestoensurethatthequalitysystemsatisfiestherequirementsofthispartandthemanufacturer'sestablishedqualitypolicyandobjectives.Theresultsofqualitysystemreviewsshallbedocumented.管理评审:最高管理者按照规定的时间间隔和按照规定程序所确立的有效频率评价质量管理体系的适宜性和有效性,以确保质量体系满足本部分的要求和制造商的质量方针和目标。质量体系评审的日期和结果应形成文件。(d)Qualityplanning:Eachmanufacturershallestablishaqualityplanwhichdefinesthequalitypractices,resourcesandactivitiesrelevanttodevicesthataredesignedandReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 manufactured.Themanufacturershallestablishhowtherequirementsforqualitywillbemet.质量策划:每一个制造商应建立一个质量计划以规定与所设计和生产的器械有关的质量规范,资源和活动。制造商应确定质量要求是如何得到满足的。(e)Qualitysystemprocedures:Eachmanufacturershallestablishqualitysystemproceduresandinstructions.Anoutlineofthestructureofthedocumentationusedinthequalitysystemshallbeestablishedwhereappropriate.质量体系程序:每一个制造商应建立质量体系程序和说明。适当时,应确定质量体系中所使用的文件的结构。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 §820.22Qualityaudit质量审核Eachmanufacturershallestablishproceduresforqualityauditsandconductsuchauditstoassurethatthequalitysystemisincompliancewiththeestablishedqualitysystemrequirementsandtodeterminetheeffectivenessofthequalitysystem.Qualityauditsshallbeconductedbyindividualswhodonothavedirectresponsibilityforthemattersbeingaudited.Correctiveaction(s),includingareauditofdeficientmatters,shallbetakenwherenecessary.Areportoftheresultsofeachqualityaudit,andreaudit(s)wheretaken,shallbemadeandsuchreportsshallbereviewedbymanagementhavingresponsibilityforthemattersbeingaudited.Thedatesandresultsofqualityauditsandreauditsshallbedocumented.每一个制造商应建立质量审核的程序并完成这样的审核以确保质量体系符合经确定的质量体系要求并保持其有效性。进行质量审核的人员应不能直接负责受审核的事项。必要时要采取纠正措施包括对不合格的再次审核。应报告每次质量审核的结果,这样的结果应由负责受审核方的负责人进行评审。质量审核和再次审核的结果和日期应形成文件。1.§820.25Personnel人员(a)General:Eachmanufacturershallhavesufficientpersonnelwiththenecessaryeducation,background,training,andexperiencetoassurethatallactivitiesrequiredbythispartarecorrectlyperformed.总则:每一个制造商应具有充足的人力资源,这些人员应具备必要的教育、培训和经验以确保正确的完成本部分所要求的活动。(b)Training:Eachmanufacturershallestablishproceduresforidentifyingtrainingneedsandensurethatallpersonnelaretrainedtoadequatelyperformtheirassignedresponsibilities.Trainingshallbedocumented.培训:每一个制造商应建立一个识别培训需求的程序以确保所有的人员能够接受适宜的培训以完成本职工作。培训应形成文件。(1)Aspartoftheirtraining,personnelshallbemadeawareofdevicedefectswhichmayoccurfromtheimproperperformanceoftheirspecificjobs.作为培训的一部分,工作人员应了解由于其不恰当的操作而造成的器械缺陷。(2)Personnelwhoperformverificationandvalidationactivitiesshallbemadeawareofdefectsanderrorsthatmaybeencounteredaspartoftheirjobfunctions.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 进行验证和确认活动的人员应了解可能遇到的器械缺陷和故障。1.SubpartC—DesignControlsC部分:设计控制2.§820.30Designcontrols设计控制(a)General总则(1)EachmanufacturerofanyclassIIIorclassIIdevice,andtheclassIdeviceslistedinparagraph(a)(2)ofthissection,shallestablishandmaintainprocedurestocontrolthedesignofthedeviceinordertoensurethatspecifieddesignrequirementsaremet.每一个II类和III类器械的制造商和本部分列出的I类器械的制造商应建立和保持程序以控制器械的设计,确保规定的设计要求得到满足。(2)ThefollowingclassIdevicesaresubjecttodesigncontrols:下列器械应进行设计控制:(i)Devicesautomatedwithcomputersoftware;and由计算机软件进行驱动的器械(ii)Thedeviceslistedinthechartbelow.(Note:Iexcludedthechart,itdoesnotapplytoCTI.)下表列出的器械(b)Designanddevelopmentplanning:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainplansthatdescribeorreferencethedesignanddevelopmentactivitiesanddefineresponsibilityfortheimplementation.Theplansshallidentifyanddescribetheinterfaceswithdifferentgroupsoractivitiesthatprovide,orresultin,inputtothedesignanddevelopmentprocess.Theplansshallbereviewed,updatedandapprovedasdesignanddevelopmentevolves.设计和开发的策划:每一个制造商应建立和保持设计和开发活动的计划并规定实施职责。计划应识别和描述各不同部门或活动的接口,这些部门或活动提供或产生设计和开发过程的输入。随设计和开发的进展,计划应得到评审、更新和批准。(c)Designinput:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatthedesignrequirementsrelatingtoadeviceareappropriateandaddresstheintendeduseofthedevice,includingtheneedsoftheuserandpatient.Theproceduresshallincludeamechanismforaddressingincomplete,ambiguousorconflictingrequirements.ThedesigninputrequirementsshallbedocumentedandshallReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 bereviewedandapprovedbydesignatedindividual(s).Theapproval,includingthedateandsignatureoftheindividual(s)approvingtherequirements,shallbedocumented.设计输入:每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保与器械相关的要求是适宜的并阐述用户和患者的要求。设计输入的要求应形成文件并由指定的人员评审和批准。应记录批准日期和批准人的签名。(d)Designoutput:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresfordefininganddocumentingdesignoutputintermsthatallowanadequateevaluationofconformancetodesigninputrequirements.Designoutputproceduresshallcontainormakereferencetoacceptancecriteriaandshallensurethatthosedesignoutputsthatareessentialfortheproperfunctioningofthedeviceareidentified.Designoutputshallbedocumented,reviewed,andapprovedbeforerelease.Theapproval,includingthedateandsignatureoftheindividual(s)approvingtheoutput,shallbedocumented.设计输出:每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以规定和记录设计输出,以便对设计输入要求的符合性进行充分的评价。设计输出程序应包含或引用接收准则,确保识别出那些对器械的正常运作十分必要的设计输出结果。设计输出在发布前应形成文件并得到评审和批准。应记录批准日期和批准人的签名(e)Designreview:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatformaldocumentedreviewsofthedesignresultsareplannedandconductedatappropriatestagesofthedevice'sdesigndevelopment.Theproceduresshallensurethatparticipantsateachdesignreviewincluderepresentativesofallfunctionsconcernedwiththedesignstagebeingreviewedandanindividual(s)whodoesnothavedirectresponsibilityforthedesignstagebeingreviewed,aswellasanyspecialistsneeded.Theresultsofadesignreview,includingidentificationofthedesign,thedateandtheindividual(s)performingthereview,shallbedocumentedinthedesignhistoryfile(theDHF).设计评审:每一个制造商应建立和保持设计评审程序,以确保对设计结果的正式评审在设计开发的适宜阶段得到策划和实施。评审的参加者包括与所评审的设计和开发阶段有关的职能的代表,不直接负责所评审的设计和开发阶段的人员和所需的专家。在设备历史记录(DHR)中记录设计评审的识别、日期和完成评审的人员。(f)Designverification:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforverifyingthedevicedesign.Designverificationshallconfirmthatthedesignoutputmeetsthedesigninputrequirements.Theresultsofthedesignverification,includingidentificationofthedesign,method(s),thedateandtheindividual(s)performingtheverification,shallbedocumentedinthedesignhistoryfile.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 设计验证:每一个制造商应建立和保持设计验证程序。设计验证应确保设计输出满足设计输入要求。在设备历史记录(DHR)中记录设计验证的识别、验证的方法、日期和验证的人员。(g)Designvalidation:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforvalidatingthedevicedesign.Designvalidationshallbeperformedunderdefinedoperatingconditionsoninitialproductionunits,lotsorbatches,ortheirequivalents.Designvalidationshallensurethatthedevicesconformtodefineduserneedsandintendedusesandshallincludetestingofproductionunitsunderactualorsimulateduseconditions.Designvalidationshallincludesoftwarevalidationandriskanalysis,whereappropriate.Theresultsofthedesignvalidation,includingidentificationofthedesign,method(s),thedateandtheindividual(s)performingthevalidation,shallbedocumentedinthedesignhistoryfile.设计确认:每一个制造商应建立和保持设计确认程序。设计确认活动应在规定的操作条件下完成。设计确认应确保器械符合规定的用户需求和预期的使用用途,应包括在真实或模拟使用条件下对产品单元的测试。适当时,设计确认应包括软件的确认和风险分析。在设计历史记录(DHF)中记录设计确认的识别、方法、日期和完成确认的人员。(h)Designtransfer:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatthedevicedesigniscorrectlytranslatedintoproductionspecifications.设计转换:每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保器械的设计能够正确的转化成生产规范。(i)Designchanges:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresfortheidentification,documentation,validation,orwhereappropriateverification,review,andapprovalofdesignchangesbeforetheirimplementation.设计更改:每一个制造商应建立和保持设计更改的程序,程序应包括设计更改的识别、记录、确认,适当时更改实施前的验证、评审和批准。(j)Designhistoryfile:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainadesignhistoryfileforeachtypeofdevice.Thedesignhistoryfileshallcontainorreferencetherecordsnecessarytodemonstratethatthedesignwasdevelopedinaccordancewiththeapproveddesignplanandtherequirementsofthispart.设备历史记录(DHF):每一个制造商应建立和保持每一类型器械的设备历史记录。DHF应包括必要的记录,这些记录应能证明器械的设计是按照符合已批准的设计计划和本部分的要求来完成的。1.SubpartD—DocumentControlsD部分文件控制2.§820.40DocumentcontrolsReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 820.40文件控制Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestocontrolalldocumentsthatarerequiredbythispart.Theproceduresshallprovideforthefollowing:制造商应建立和保持程序以控制所有本部分要求的文件。程序应规定以下内容:(a)Documentapprovalanddistribution:Eachmanufacturershalldesignateanindividual(s)toreviewforadequacyandapprovepriortoissuancealldocumentsestablishedtomeettherequirementsofthispart.Theapproval,includingthedateandsignatureoftheindividual(s)approvingthedocument,shallbedocumented.Documentsestablishedtomeettherequirementsofthispartshallbeavailableatalllocationsforwhichtheyaredesignated,usedorotherwisenecessary,andallobsoletedocumentsshallbepromptlyremovedfromallpointsofuseorotherwisepreventedfromunintendeduse.文件的批准和发布:每一个制造商应指定一名人员在文件发布前,评审文件的适宜性和批准文件,以确定满足本部分的要求。文件的批准,包括批准的日期和批准人的签名,应形成文件。满足本部分要求的文件应在使用现场方便获得,或必要时获得。应迅速从使用现场清除所有的作废文件,以防止非预期的使用。(a)Documentchanges:Changestodocumentsshallbereviewedandapprovedbyanindividual(s)inthesamefunctionsororganizationthatperformedtheoriginalreviewandapproval,unlessspecificallydesignatedotherwise.Approvedchangesshallbecommunicatedtotheappropriatepersonnelinatimelymanner.Eachmanufacturershallmaintainrecordsofchangestodocuments.Changerecordsshallincludeadescriptionofthechange,identificationoftheaffecteddocuments,thesignatureoftheapprovingindividual(s),theapprovaldate,andwhenthechangebecomeseffective.文件更改:除非有其他的特别指定,否则,对文件的更改应得到原审批部门或组织的评审和批准。应采用适当的方式将文件的更改通知有关人员。每一个制造商应保持文件的更改记录。更改记录应包括对更改的描述,受更改影响的文件的识别,批准人的签字,批准日期和更改生效的时间。1.SubpartE—PurchasingControlsE部分采购控制2.§820.50Purchasingcontrols820.50采购控制Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatallpurchasedorotherwisereceivedproductandservicesconformtospecifiedrequirements.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保所有采购的或以其它形式接收到的产品和服务满足规定的要求。(a)Evaluationofsuppliers,contractors,andconsultants:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintaintherequirements,includingqualityrequirements,thatmustbemetbysuppliers,contractorsandconsultants.Eachmanufacturershall:供方、分承包方和顾问的评价。每一个制造商应建立和保持要求,包括质量要求,供方、分承包方和顾问应满足这些要求。每一个制造商应:(1)Evaluateandselectpotentialsuppliers,contractors,andconsultantsonthebasisoftheirabilitytomeetspecifiedrequirements,includingqualityrequirements.Theevaluationshallbedocumented.以满足规定的要求包括质量要求的能力为基础,评价和选择潜在的供方、分承包方和顾问。评价应形成文件(2)Definethetypeandextentofcontroltobeexercisedovertheproduct,services,suppliers,contractors,andconsultantsbasedontheevaluationresults.以评价的结果为基础,确定对产品、服务、供方、分承包方和顾问的控制的类型和程度。(3)Establishandmaintainrecordsofacceptablesuppliers,contractors,andconsultants.建立和保持可接受的供方、分承包方和顾问的记录。(a)Purchasingdata:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintaindatathatclearlydescribeorreferencethespecifiedrequirements,includingqualityrequirements,forpurchasedorotherwisereceivedproductandservices.Purchasingdocumentsshallinclude,wherepossible,anagreementthatthesuppliers,contractorsandconsultants,agreetonotifythemanufacturerofchangesintheproductorservicesothatmanufacturersmaydeterminewhetherthechangemayaffectthequalityofafinisheddevice.Purchasingdatashallbeapprovedinaccordancewith§820.40.采购数据:每一个制造商应建立和保持所采购的或以其它形式接收的产品和服务的数据,该数据能清楚的描述规定的要求包括质量体系要求。如果可能,采购文件应包括这样的协议,即供方、分承包方和顾问同意将有关产品或服务的更改通知给制造商,以便使制造商判断更改是否对最终器械的产品质量有影响。应按照820.40要求批准采购数据。1.SubpartF—IdentificationandTraceabilityF部分标识与可追溯性2.§820.60Identification820.60标识ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforidentifyingproductduringallstagesofreceipt,production,distribution,andinstallationtopreventmixups.在产品的接收、生产、销售和安装过程中,每一个制造商应建立和保持标识产品的程序,以防止混用。1.§820.65Traceability820.65可追溯性Eachmanufacturerofadevicethatisintendedforsurgicalimplantintothebodyortosupportorsustainlifeandwhosefailuretoperformwhenproperlyusedinaccordancewithinstructionsforuseprovidedinthelabelingcanbereasonablyexpectedtoresultinasignificantinjurytotheusershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforidentifyingwithacontrolnumbereachunit,lotorbatchoffinisheddevicesandwhereappropriatecomponents.Theproceduresshallfacilitatecorrectiveaction.Suchidentificationshallbedocumentedinthedevicehistoryrecord.每一个生产下列器械的制造商,应利用对最终器械和适当的组件的单元、生产批标识控制号码来建立和保持识别产品的程序:外科植入器械、支持或维持生命的器械、或按照标记上提供的使用说明进行合理使用时产生的操作故障会对使用者产生重大伤害。程序应便于纠正措施的实施。这样的标识应记录在设备历史记录中。2.SubpartG—ProductionandProcessControlsG部分生产和过程控制3.§820.70Productionandprocesscontrols生产和过程控制(a)General:Eachmanufacturershalldevelop,conduct,control,andmonitorproductionprocessestoensurethatadeviceconformstoitsspecifications.Wheredeviationsfromdevicespecificationscouldoccurasaresultofthemanufacturingprocess,themanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocesscontrolproceduresthatdescribeanyprocesscontrolsnecessarytoensureconformancetospecifications.Whereprocesscontrolsareneededtheyshallinclude:总则:每一个制造商应建立、实施、控制和监视生产过程以确保器械符合其规范。在生产过程中会导致生产的器械与器械规范有偏差,制造商应建立和保持描述过程控制必要性的过程控制程序,以确保符合规范要求。过程控制应包括:ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (1)Documentedinstructions,standardoperatingprocedures(SOPs),andmethodsthatdefineandcontrolthemannerofproduction;形成文件的指导书,标准的操作程序(SOP,S),规定和控制生产方式的方法;(2)Monitoringandcontrolofprocessparametersandcomponentanddevicecharacteristicsduringproduction;生产过程中,过程参数、组件和器械特性的监视和测量;(3)Compliancewithspecifiedreferencestandardsorcodes;对规定的参考标准或代码的符合性;(4)Theapprovalofprocessesandprocessequipment;and,过程和过程设备的批准;和(5)Criteriaforworkmanshipwhichshallbeexpressedindocumentedstandardsorbymeansofidentifiedandapprovedrepresentativesamples.操作工的操作准则应以形成文件的标准或经确定和批准的代表性的样本来表示(b)Productionandprocesschanges:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforchangestoaspecification,method,process,orprocedure.Suchchangesshallbeverifiedorwhereappropriatevalidatedaccordingto§ 820.75,beforeimplementationandtheseactivitiesshallbedocumented.Changesshallbeapprovedinaccordancewith§820.40.生产和过程的更改:每一个制造商应建立和保持对规范、方法、过程或程序的更改。这样的更改应在实施之前得到验证或适当时按照820.75要求进行确认。应将这些活动形成文件。更改应按照820.40的规定得到批准。(c)Environmentalcontrol:Whereenvironmentalconditionscouldreasonablybeexpectedtohaveanadverseeffectonproductquality,themanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoadequatelycontroltheseenvironmentalconditions.Environmentalcontrolsystem(s)shallbeperiodicallyinspectedtoverifythatthesystem,includingnecessaryequipment,isadequateandfunctioningproperly.Theseactivitiesshallbedocumentedandreviewed.环境控制:环境条件对产品质量有影响,制造商应建立和保持程序以充分的控制这些环境条件。应对环境控制体系进行周期的检查,以验证该体系,包括必要的设备充分适宜并运行良好。这些活动应形成文件并得到评审。(d)Personnel:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainrequirementsforhealth,cleanliness,personalpractices,andclothingofpersonnelifcontactbetweensuchReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 personnelandproductorenvironmentcouldreasonablybeexpectedtohaveanadverseeffectonproductquality.Themanufacturershallensurethatmaintenanceandotherpersonnelwhoarerequiredtoworktemporarilyunderspecialenvironmentalconditionsareappropriatelytrainedorsupervisedbyatrainedindividual.人员:如果人员和产品或人员和环境的接触能够对产品质量产生不良影响,每一个制造商应建立和保持对健康、清洁、人员规范和人员服装的要求。组织应确保所有的工作环境是要求工作在特殊环境条件下临时工作的人员接受适当的培训或在训练有素的人员监督下工作。(e)Contaminationcontrol:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestopreventcontaminationofequipmentorproductbysubstancesthatcouldreasonablybeexpectedtohaveanadverselyeffectonproductquality.污染控制:每一个制造商应建立和保持程序,以防止对产品质量有不良影响的设备或产品的污染。(f)Buildings:Buildingsshallbeofsuitabledesignandcontainsufficientspacetoperformnecessaryoperations,preventmixups,andassureorderlyhandling.建筑物:建筑物的设计应适宜,要有足够的空间来完成必要的操作。(g)Equipment:Eachmanufacturershallensurethatallequipmentusedinthemanufacturingprocessmeetsspecifiedrequirementsandisappropriatelydesigned,constructed,placed,andinstalledtofacilitatemaintenance,adjustment,cleaning,anduse.设备:每一个制造商应确保在生产过程中使用的所有设备满足规定的要求,并对其进行适宜的设计、构造、放置和安装以便于维护、调整、清洁和使用。(1)Maintenanceschedule:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainschedulesfortheadjustment,cleaningandothermaintenanceofequipmenttoensurethatmanufacturingspecificationsaremet.Maintenanceactivities,includingthedateandindividual(s)performingthemaintenanceactivities,shallbedocumented.维护计划:每一个制造商应建立和保持对设备的调整、清洁和维护计划,以确保满足生产规范。维护活动包括维护活动的日期和人员都应形成文件。(2)Inspection:Eachmanufacturershallconductperiodicinspectionsinaccordancewithestablishedprocedurestoensureadherencetoapplicableequipmentmaintenanceschedules.Theinspections,includingthedateandindividualconductingtheinspections,shallbedocumented.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 检查:每一个制造商应按照已建立的程序完成周期的检查以确保符合适用的设备维修计划。检查包括检查的日期和人员应形成文件。(3)Adjustment:Eachmanufacturershallensurethatanyinherentlimitationsorallowabletolerancesarevisiblypostedonornearequipmentrequiringperiodicadjustmentsorarereadilyavailabletopersonnelperformingtheseadjustments.调整:每一个制造商应确保要求周期调整的设备的固有局限性和容许的公差都贴在设备上或跟随设备附近,或完成这些调整的人员能够方便获得。(h)Manufacturingmaterial:Whereamanufacturingmaterialcouldreasonablybeexpectedtohaveanadverseeffectonproductquality,themanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresfortheuseandremovalofsuchmanufacturingmaterialtoensurethatitisremovedorlimitedtoanamountthatdoesnotadverselyaffectthedevice’squality.Theremovalorreductionofsuchmanufacturingmaterialshallbedocumented.制造材料:当制造材料将会对产品质量有不良影响,制造商应建立和保持对这类材料的去除和使用程序以确保对其去除和限制数量(i)Automatedprocesses:Whencomputersorautomateddataprocessingsystemsareusedaspartofproductionorthequalitysystem,themanufacturershallvalidatecomputersoftwareforitsintendeduseaccordingtoanestablishedprotocol.Allsoftwarechangesshallbevalidatedbeforeapprovalandissuance.Thesevalidationactivitiesandresultsshallbedocumented.自动化过程:如果在生产或质量体系中使用计算机或自动化的数据处理系统时,制造商应按照已制定的方案,对软件的预期用途进行确认。在软件更改的批准和发布前应对更改进行确认。这些确认活动和结果应形成文件。1.§820.72Inspection,measuring,andtestequipment检验、测量和试验设备(a)Controlofinspection,measuringandtestequipment:Eachmanufacturershallensurethatallinspection,measuring,andtestequipment,includingmechanical,automated,orelectronicinspectionandtestequipment,issuitableforitsintendedpurposesandiscapableofproducingvalidresults.Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatequipmentisroutinelycalibrated,inspected,checked,andmaintained.Theproceduresshallincludeprovisionsforhandling,preservation,andstorageofequipment,sothatitsaccuracyandfitnessforusearemaintained.Theseactivitiesshallbedocumented.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 检验、测量和试验设备的控制。每一个制造商应确保所有的检验、测量和试验设备能适于其预期的目的并能产生有效的结果。这些设备包括机械设备、软件驱动设备、电子检验和试验设备。每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保设备能够定期的校准、检定、检查和保持。程序还应包括设备的搬运、防护和贮存的规定,以便使其精确性和使用的适宜性得到保持。这些活动应形成文件。(b)Calibration:Calibrationproceduresshallincludespecificdirectionsandlimitsforaccuracyandprecision.Whenaccuracyandprecisionlimitsarenotmet,thereshallbeprovisionsforremedialactiontoreestablishthelimitsandtoevaluatewhethertherewasanyadverseeffectonthedevice’squality.Theseactivitiesshallbedocumented.校准:校准程序应包括特定的目的和准确度和精确度的极限。当未满足准确度和精确度的极限时,应提供修补措施以再次确定极限并评价是否对器械质量有任何不良影响。这些活动应形成文件。(1)Calibrationstandards:Calibrationstandardsusedforinspection,measuring,andtestequipmentshallbetraceabletonationalorinternationalstandards.Ifnationalorinternationalstandardsarenotpracticaloravailable,themanufacturershalluseanindependentreproduciblestandard.Ifnoapplicablestandardexists,themanufacturershallestablishandmaintainanin-housestandard.校准标准:检验、测量和试验设备所使用的校准标准应可溯源到国家或国际标准。如果没有国家或国际标准或国家或国际标准不适用时,制造商应使用独立的、可复验性的标准。如果没有适用的标准,制造商应建立和保持自己内部的标准。(2)Calibrationrecords:Theequipmentidentification,calibrationdates,theindividualperformingeachcalibrationandthenextcalibrationdateshallbedocumented.Theserecordsshallbedisplayedonorneareachpieceofequipmentorshallbereadilyavailabletothepersonnelusingsuchequipmentandtheindividualsresponsibleforcalibratingtheequipment.校准记录:设备的标识、校准日期、校准人员和下次校准日期应形成文件。这些记录在设备的零件上或跟随设备附近或使用设备的人员或负责校准设备的人员能方便获得。1.§820.75Processvalidation过程确认(a)Wheretheresultsofaprocesscannotbefullyverifiedbysubsequentinspectionandtest,theprocessshallbevalidatedwithahighdegreeofassuranceandapprovedaccordingtoestablishedprocedures.Thevalidationactivitiesandresults,includingthedateandsignatureoftheindividual(s)approvingthevalidationandwhereappropriatethemajorequipmentvalidated,shallbedocumented.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 如果过程结果不能被后续的检验和试验过程得以充分的验证,则应按照规定的程序对该过程进行充分的确认。确认活动和结果、包括日期和完成确认活动人员的签名,适用时主要的确认设备应形成文件。(b)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresformonitoringandcontrolofprocessparametersforvalidatedprocessestoensurethatthespecifiedrequirementscontinuetobemet.每一个制造商应建立和保持监视程序并控制确认过程的过程参数以确保规定的要求继续得到满足。(1)Eachmanufacturershallensurethatvalidatedprocessesareperformedbyqualifiedindividual(s).每一个制造商应确保过程确认由有资格的人员来完成。(2)Forvalidatedprocesses,themonitoringandcontrolmethodsanddata,thedateperformed,and,whereappropriate,theindividual(s)performingtheprocessorthemajorequipmentusedshallbedocumented.对于确认的过程,确认方法的控制和监视,确认资料和完成确认的日期,适当时完成确认的人员和使用的主要设备应形成文件。(a)Whenchangesorprocessdeviationsoccur,themanufacturershallreviewandevaluatetheprocessandperformrevalidationwhereappropriate.Theseactivitiesshallbedocumented.确认有更改或出现偏差时,制造商应评审和评价过程,适当时,进行再确认。这些活动应形成文件。1.SubpartH—AcceptanceActivities接受活动2.§820.80Receiving,in-process,andfinisheddeviceacceptance820.80进货产品(receivingdevice)、过程产品和最终产品的接收(a)General:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforacceptanceactivities.Acceptanceactivitiesincludeinspections,tests,andotherverificationactivities.总则:每一个制造商应建立保持接收活动的程序。接收活动应包括检验、试验或其他验证活动。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 (b)Receivingacceptanceactivities:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforacceptanceofincomingproduct.Incomingproductshallbeinspected,tested,orotherwiseverifiedasconformingtospecifiedrequirements.Acceptanceorrejectionshallbedocumented.进货产品的接收活动:每一个制造商应建立和保持进货产品的接收程序。应对进货产品进行检验、试验和验证以确保符合规定的要求。对进货产品的接收或拒绝应形成文件。(c)In-processacceptanceactivities:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainacceptanceprocedures,whereappropriate,toensurethatspecifiedrequirementsforin-processproductaremet.Suchproceduresshallensurethatin-processproductiscontrolleduntiltherequiredinspectionandtestsorotherverificationactivitieshavebeencompleted,ornecessaryapprovalsarereceived,andaredocumented.过程产品的接收活动:每一个制造商应建立和保持过程产品的接收程序以确保满足规定的过程产品要求。这样的程序应确保过程产品处于受控的状态,直到所要求的检验、试验或其他验证活动得以完成,必要时得到批准。(d)Finalacceptanceactivities:Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforfinisheddeviceacceptancetoensurethateachproductionrun,lot,orbatchoffinisheddevicesmeetsacceptancecriteria.Finisheddevicesshallbeheldinquarantineorotherwiseadequatelycontrolleduntilreleased.Finisheddevicesshallnotbereleasedfordistributionuntil:最终产品的接受活动。每一个制造商应为最终产品的接收建立和保持程序以确保每一个产品批的产品满足接收准则。最终器械在放行前应接受严格的检查或得到充分的控制。对最终器械放行发布前应完成下列活动:(1)theactivitiesrequiredintheDMRarecompleted;完成器械的主记录中要求的活动;(2)theassociateddataanddocumentationisreviewed;相关的资料和文件要得到评审;(3)thereleaseisauthorizedbythesignatureofadesignatedindividual(s);and有指定的人员的授权才能放行产品(4)theauthorizationisdated.批准的日期(e)Acceptancerecords:Eachmanufacturershalldocumentacceptanceactivitiesrequiredbythispart.Theserecordsshallinclude:接收记录:每一个制造商应记录本部分所要求的接收活动,记录应包括:(1)theacceptanceactivitiesperformed;ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 所完成的接收活动(2)thedatesacceptanceactivitiesareperformed;完成接收活动的日期(3)theresults;结果(4)thesignatureoftheindividual(s)conductingtheacceptanceactivities;and执行接收活动人员的签名(5)whereappropriate,equipmentused.Theserecordsshallbepartofthedevicehistoryrecord.适当时,所使用的设备。这些记录应作为设备历史记录的一部分。1.§820.86Acceptancestatus820.86接收状态Eachmanufacturershallidentifybysuitablemeanstheacceptancestatusofproduct,toindicatetheconformanceornonconformanceoftheseitemswithacceptancecriteria.Theidentificationofacceptancestatusshallbemaintainedthroughout,manufacturing,packaging,labeling,installation,andservicingoftheproducttoensurethatonlyproductswhichhavepassedtherequiredacceptanceactivitiesaredistributed,used,orinstalled.每一个制造商应采用适宜的方法识别产品的接收状态,以表明产品对接收准则的符合性或不符合性。在整个产品的制造、包装、标记、安装和服务的过程中应保持产品接收状态的标识,以确保产品只有在满足所要求的接收活动后才能得到销售、使用或安装。SubpartI—NonconformingProductI不合格产品2.§820.90Nonconformingproduct820.90不合格产品(a)Controlofnonconformingproduct.Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestocontrolproductthatdoesnotconformtospecifiedrequirements.Theproceduresshalladdresstheidentification,documentation,evaluation,segregation,anddispositionofnonconformingproduct.Theevaluationofnonconformanceshallincludeadeterminationoftheneedforaninvestigationandnotificationofthepersonsororganizationsresponsibleforthenonconformance.Theevaluationandanyinvestigationshallbedocumented.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 不合格产品的控制:每一个制造商都应建立和保持程序以控制不符合规定要求的产品。这些程序应规定对不合格产品的标识、文件、评价、隔离和处置。对不合格产品的评价应包括确定是否有必要进行调查或告知负责不合格产品的组织或人员。应将评价和所做的任何调查形成文件。(b)Nonconformityreviewanddisposition.不合格品的评审和处置(1)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresthatdefinetheresponsibilityforreviewandtheauthorityforthedispositionofnonconformingproduct.Theproceduresshallsetforththereviewanddispositionprocess.Dispositionofnonconformingproductshallbedocumented.Documentationshallincludethejustificationforuseofnonconformingproductandthesignatureoftheindividual(s)authorizingtheuse.每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以规定对不合格产品的评审的职责和处置的权限。这些程序中应阐明评审和处置的过程。对不合格产品的处置应形成文件。文件应包括对使用不合格产品的合理解释以及授权使用不合格产品的人员的签字。(2)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforrework,toincluderetestingandreevaluationofthenonconformingproductafterrework,toensurethatitmeetsitscurrentapproved,specifications.Reworkandreevaluationactivities,includingadeterminationofanyadverseeffectfromthereworkupontheproduct,shallbedocumentedinthedevicehistoryrecord.每一个制造商应建立和保持返工的程序,包括返工后对不合格产品的重新测试和重新评价,以确保重新评价活动包括确定返工对产品产生的不良影响应记录在器械的历史记录中。1.SubpartJ—CorrectiveandPreventiveActionJ部分纠正和预防措施§820.100Correctiveandpreventiveaction820.100纠正预防措施(a)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforimplementingcorrectiveandpreventiveaction.Theproceduresshallincluderequirementsfor:每一个制造商应建立和保持实施纠正预防措施的程序。程序应包括下列要求:(1)Analyzingprocesses,workoperations,concessions,qualityauditreports,qualityrecords,servicerecords,complaints,returnedproduct,andothersourcesofqualityReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 datatoidentifyexistingandpotentialcausesofnonconformingproduct,orotherqualityproblems.Appropriatestatisticalmethodologyshallbeemployedwherenecessarytodetectrecurringqualityproblems;分析过程、操作、让步、质量审核记录、质量记录、服务记录、抱怨、退回的产品和其他有关质量资料的信息来源以识别现存的或潜在的不合格产品的原因,或其他质量问题。必要时,使用其他统计技术方法来识别反复发生的质量问题;(2)Investigatingthecauseofnonconformitiesrelatingtoproduct,processes,andthequalitysystem;调查与产品、过程和质量体系有关的不合格的原因;(3)Identifyingtheaction(s)neededtocorrectandpreventrecurrenceofnonconformingproductandotherqualityproblems;识别需要采取纠正的措施以防止不合格产品的再次发生或其他质量问题;(4)Verifyingorvalidatingthecorrectiveandpreventiveactiontoensurethatsuchactioniseffectiveanddoesnotadverselyaffectthefinisheddevice;验证或确认纠正和预防措施以确保这样的措施是有效的并不会对最终器械产生不良影响。(5)Implementingandrecordingchangesinmethodsandproceduresneededtocorrectandpreventidentifiedqualityproblems;实施和记录所需的方法和程序的更改以纠正和防止识别、出的问题。(6)Ensuringthatinformationrelatedtoqualityproblemsornonconformingproductisdisseminatedtothosedirectlyresponsibleforassuringthequalityofsuchproductorthepreventionofsuchproblems;and确保与质量问题或不合格产品有关的信息能直接发给那些直接负责产品质量保证或防止问题发生的这样的人员。(7)Submittingrelevantinformationonidentifiedqualityproblems,aswellascorrectiveandpreventiveactions,formanagementreview.针对识别出的质量问题提交相关信息以及纠正和预防措施用来进行管理评审。(b)Allactivitiesrequiredunderthissection,andtheirresults,shallbedocumented.本部分所要求的所有活动和活动的结果应形成文件。1.SubpartK—LabelingandPackagingControlK标记和包装控制ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 1.§820.120Devicelabeling标记和包装控制Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestocontrollabelingactivities.每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以控制器械的标记活动。(a)Labelintegrity.Labelsshallbeprintedandappliedsoastoremainlegibleandaffixedduringthecustomaryconditionsofprocessing,storage,handling,distribution,andwhereappropriate,use.标签的完整性。在顾客的加工、存贮、搬运、销售,适用时包括使用在内的过程中,应保持标签的清晰和完整。(b)Labelinginspection.Labelingshallnotbereleasedforstorageoruseuntiladesignatedindividual(s)hasexaminedthelabelingforaccuracyincluding,whereapplicable,thecorrectexpirationdate,controlnumber,storageinstructions,handlinginstructionsandanyadditionalprocessinginstructions.Therelease,includingthedateandsignatureoftheindividual(s)performingtheexamination,shallbedocumentedinthedevicehistoryrecord.标记的检查:经指定人员的对标记的准确性进行检查后才能存贮和使用标记。适用时标记应包括正确的有效期,控制码、存贮指导说明、搬运指导说明和任何附加的操作指导说明。放行的日期和执行检验的人员的签名应记录在器械的历史记录中。(c)Labelingstorage.Eachmanufacturershallstorelabelinginamannerthatprovidesproperidentificationandisdesignedtopreventmixups.标记的存贮。每一个制造商标签的存贮应能提供恰当的标识防止标签的混用。(d)Labelingoperations.Eachmanufacturershallcontrollabelingandpackagingoperationstopreventlabelingmixups.Thelabelandlabelingusedforeachproductionunit,lot,orbatchshallbedocumentedinthedevicehistoryrecord.标记的操作。每一个制造商应控制标签和包装操作以防止标签的混用。每一批产品标签和标记的使用都应记录在器械的历史记录中(a)Controlnumber.Whereacontrolnumberisrequiredby§820.65,thatcontrolnumbershallbeonorshallaccompanythedevicethroughdistribution.控制码。按照820.65的要求要有控制码,在整个器械的销售过程中,控制码应始终在器械上或伴随器械附近。2.§820.130DevicepackagingReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 820.130器械包装Eachmanufacturershallensurethatdevicepackagingandshippingcontainersaredesignedandconstructedtoprotectthedevicefromalterationordamageduringthecustomaryconditionsofprocessing,storage,handling,anddistribution.每一个制造商应确保器械的包装和货运集装箱的设计和构造都能防止器械在顾客的处理、存贮、搬运和销售时发生变更和损害。1.SubpartL—Handling,Storage,Distribution,andInstallationL搬运、存贮、销售和安装2.§820.140Handling820.140搬运Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatmixups,damage,deterioration,contamination,orotheradverseeffectstoproductdonotoccurduringhandling.每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以防止在搬运的过程中发生器械的混淆、损害、破坏、污染或其他对产品有不良影响的事情发生。3.§820.150Storage820.150存贮(a)(a)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforthecontrolofstorageareasandstockroomsforproducttopreventmixups,damage,deterioration,contamination,orotheradverseeffectspendinguseordistributiontoensurethatnoobsolete,rejected,ordeterioratedproductisusedordistributed.Whenthequalityofproductdeterioratesovertime,itshallbestoredinamannertofacilitateproperstockrotation,anditsconditionshallbeassessedasappropriate.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以控制产品的存贮区域和房间以防止器械的混淆、损害、破坏、污染或其他对产品使用和销售有不良影响的事情发生,并防止使用或销售过期的、作废的或受损的产品。如果随着存贮时间的推移,产品质量逐渐恶化,应考虑产品存货周期是否恰当,适当时还要评价产品存贮条件。(b)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresthatdescribethemethodsforauthorizingreceiptfromanddispatchtostorageareasandstockrooms.每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以描述接收产品的方法和把产品发送到存贮区域和房间的方法1.§820.160Distribution820.160销售(a)Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforcontrolanddistributionoffinisheddevicestoensurethatonlythosedevicesapprovedforreleasearedistributedandthatpurchaseordersarereviewedtoensurethatambiguitiesanderrorsareresolvedbeforedevicesarereleasedfordistribution.Whereadevice'sfitness-for-useorqualitydeterioratesovertime,theproceduresshallensurethatexpireddevicesordevicesdeterioratedbeyondacceptablefitnessforusearenotdistributed每一个制造商应为控制和销售最终器械建立和保持程序以确保只有经批准的器械才能销售。应对定单进行评审以确保在销售前解决一些模糊问题或错误。当器械的使用性能或质量随着时间的推移发生恶化,这些程序应确保过期的器械或恶化程度不可接受的器械不被销售出去。(b)Eachmanufacturershallmaintaindistributionrecordswhichincludeorrefertothelocationof:每一个制造商应保持销售记录,销售记录应包括下列内容或指出出处:(1)Thenameandaddressoftheinitialconsignee;初始代销人的的名称和地址(2)Theidentificationandquantityofdevicesshipped,所运载的器械的数量和标识(3)Thedateshipped;and运载日期(4)Anycontrolnumber(s)used.所使用的任何控制码2.§820.170InstallationReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 820.170安装(a)Eachmanufacturerofadevicerequiringinstallationshallestablishandmaintainadequateinstallationandinspectioninstructions,andwhereappropriatetestprocedures.Instructionsandproceduresshallincludedirectionsforensuringproperinstallationsothatthedevicewillperformasintendedafterinstallation.Themanufacturershalldistributetheinstructionsandprocedureswiththedeviceorotherwisemakethemavailabletotheperson(s)installingthedevice每一个需要有安装的器械的制造商应建立和保持充分与适宜的安装和检查指导说明,适用时包括测试程序。指导书和程序应包括确保恰当安装和说明指导以便使器械在安装后能安预期的期望运行。制造商销售器械时,应附带指导书和程序。或让安装人员获得指导书和程序。(b)Thepersoninstallingthedeviceshallensurethattheinstallation,inspection,andanyrequiredtestingareperformedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'sinstructionsandproceduresandshalldocumenttheinspectionandanytestresultstodemonstrateproperinstallation.安装人员应确保对器械的安装、检查、和所要求的试验应按照制造商的指导说明和程序进行并应记录检验和试验结果以证实安装的正确性。1.SubpartM—RecordsM记录2.§820.180Generalrequirements820.180总要求AllrecordsrequiredbythispartshallbemaintainedatthemanufacturingestablishmentorotherlocationthatisreasonablyaccessibletoresponsibleofficialsofthemanufacturerandtoemployeesoftheFDAdesignatedtoperforminspections.Suchrecords,includingthosenotstoredattheinspectedestablishment,shallbemadereadilyavailableforreviewandcopyingbyFDAemployee(s).Suchrecordsshallbelegibleandshallbestoredtominimizedeteriorationandtopreventloss.Thoserecordsstoredinautomateddataprocessingsystemsshallbebackedup.ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 本部分所要求的所有记录应保持在生产场地或制造商的其他能获得记录的负责部门或者FDA执行检验的人员。这些记录包括不在检验现场出现的记录都应便于FDA人员的评审和复印。这些记录应清晰、易于识别,保存时应防止破损和丢失。用自动存贮系统保存的记录应该有备份。(a)Confidentiality:RecordsdeemedconfidentialbythemanufacturermaybemarkedtoaidtheFDAindeterminingwhetherinformationmaybedisclosedunderthepublicinformationregulationinpart20ofthischapter.机密性。制造商认为应保密的记录要作记号以帮助FDA确定那些信息是可以透露的。(b)Recordretentionperiod:Allrecordsrequiredbythispartshallberetainedforaperiodoftimeequivalenttothedesignandexpectedlifeofthedevice,butinnocaselessthan2yearsfromthedateofreleaseforcommercialdistributionbythemanufacturer.记录的保持期限。本部分所要求的所有记录都应有一定的保持期限,该保存期限应至少相当于所规定的医疗器械的寿命期,但从制造商放行产品进行销售或按相关法规要求所规定的日期起不少于2年。(b)Exceptions:Thissectiondoesnotapplytothereportsrequiredby§820.20(c)Managementreview,§820.22Qualityaudits,andsupplierauditreportsusedtomeettherequirementsof§820.50(a)Evaluationofsuppliers,contractors,andconsultants,butdoesapplytoproceduresestablishedunderthesesubsections.UponrequestofadesignatedemployeeoftheFDA,anemployeeinmanagementwithexecutiveresponsibilityshallcertifyinwritingthatthemanagementreviewsandqualityauditsrequiredunderthispart,andsupplierauditswhereapplicable,havebeenperformedanddocumented,thedatesonwhichtheywereperformed,andthatanyrequiredcorrectiveactionhasbeenundertaken.例外。本部分的记录要求不适用于管理评审(820.20c)报告、质量审核820.22)的报告和对供方所使用的是否满足820.50(a)供方、分承包商和咨询机构评价要求的审核报告,但适用于这些规定中所要求的程序。按照FDA的要求,管理层的人员应能以书面形式证明管理评审、本部分所要求的质量审核和供方的审核(适用时)已经完成并形成文件、并记录完成的日期和采取的纠正措施。820.181器械的主记录1.§820.181DevicemasterrecordReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 器械主记录Eachmanufacturershallmaintaindevicemasterrecords(DMRs).EachmanufacturershallensurethateachDMRispreparedandapprovedinaccordancewith§820.40.TheDMRforeachtypeofdeviceshallinclude,orrefertothelocationof,thefollowinginformation:每一个制造商应保持器械的主记录(DMR,s)。每一个制造商应确保每一个器械的主记录的准备和批准都应符合820.40的要求。每一型号的器械的主记录应包括下列信息或指出出处。(a)Devicespecificationsincludingappropriatedrawings,composition,formulation,componentspecifications,andsoftwarespecifications;器械规范其中包括适当的图纸、成份、配方设计、组件规范和软件规范;(b)Productionprocessspecificationsincludingtheappropriateequipmentspecifications,productionmethods,productionprocedures,andproductionenvironmentspecifications;生产过程规范包括适当的设备规范、生产方法、生产程序和生产环境规范;(c)Qualityassuranceproceduresandspecificationsincludingacceptancecriteriaandthequalityassuranceequipmentused;质量保证程序和规范包括接收准则和使用的质量保证设备;(d)Packagingandlabelingspecifications,includingmethodsandprocessesused;and包装和标签规范包括所使用的方法和过程;(a)Installation,maintenance,andservicingproceduresandmethods.安装、维护和服务程序和方法1.§820.184Devicehistoryrecord8203184器械历史记录Eachmanufacturershallmaintaindevicehistoryrecords(DHRs).EachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatDHRsforeachbatch,lot,orunitaremaintainedtodemonstratethatthedeviceismanufacturedinaccordancewiththeDMRandtherequirementsofthispart.TheDHRshallinclude,orrefertothelocationof,thefollowinginformation:ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 每一个制造商应保持器械的历史记录(DHR,s)。每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保保持每一批产品的历史记录并能证明器械的生产是符合DMR和本部分要求。器械的历史记录应包括下列信息或指出出处。(a)Thedatesofmanufacture;生产日期;(b)Thequantitymanufactured;生产数量;(c)Thequantityreleasedfordistribution;放行销售的数量(d)TheacceptancerecordswhichdemonstratethedeviceismanufacturedinaccordancewiththeDMR;能证明器械是符合DMR要求的接收记录(e)Theprimaryidentificationlabelandlabelingusedforeachproductionunit;and每一个生产批所使用的主要的识别标签和标记;(a)Anydeviceidentification(s)andcontrolnumber(s)used.任何器械的识别和控制码1.§820.186Qualitysystemrecords820.186质量体系记录Eachmanufacturershallmaintainaqualitysystemrecord(QSR).TheQSRshallinclude,orrefertothelocationof,proceduresandthedocumentationofactivitiesrequiredbythispartthatarenotspecifictoaparticulartypeofdevice(s),includingbutnotlimitedtotherecordsrequiredby§820.20.EachmanufacturershallensurethattheQSRispreparedandapprovedinaccordancewith§820.40.每一个制造商应保持一个质量体系记录(QSR)。QSR应包括(指出出处)本部分所要求的活动的程序和文件,这些活动不是针对特殊类型的器械,包括但不局限于820.20所要求的记录。每一个制造商应确保QSR的制定和批准符合820.40的要求。2.§820.198Complaintfiles820.198抱怨文档(a)Eachmanufacturershallmaintaincomplaintfiles.Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforreceiving,reviewing,andevaluatingcomplaintsbyaformallydesignatedunit.Suchproceduresshallensurethat:ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 每一个制造商应保持抱怨文档。每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保由指定的部门负责接收、评审和评价抱怨。这样的程序应确保:(1)Allcomplaintsareprocessedinauniformandtimelymanner;适当地和及时地处理所有的抱怨;(2)Oralcomplaintsaredocumenteduponreceipt;and收到口头抱怨时要及时记录(3)ComplaintsareevaluatedtodeterminewhetherthecomplaintrepresentsaneventwhichisrequiredtobereportedtotheFDAunderpart803or804ofthischapter,MedicalDeviceReporting.要对抱怨进行评价以确定所抱怨的事件是否需要按照本章803和804的要求报告给FDA的医疗器械的报告部门。(b)Eachmanufacturershallreviewandevaluateallcomplaintstodeterminewhetheraninvestigationisnecessary.Whennoinvestigationismade,themanufacturershallmaintainarecordthatincludesthereasonnoinvestigationwasmadeandthenameoftheindividualresponsibleforthedecisionnottoinvestigate.要评审和评价所有的抱怨以确定是否有必要进行调查。当没有进行调查时,制造商应保持记录其中包括记录没进行调查的原因以及决定不进行调查的负责人的名字。(c)Anycomplaintinvolvingthepossiblefailureofadevice,labeling,orpackagingtomeetanyofitsspecificationsshallbereviewed,evaluated,andinvestigated,unlesssuchinvestigationhasalreadybeenperformedforasimilarcomplaintandanotherinvestigationisnotnecessary.除非已经调查过类似的抱怨,否则对任何有关器械故障、标签和包装对其规范的满足性的抱怨都应进行评审、评价和调查。(d)AnycomplaintthatrepresentsaneventwhichmustbereportedtoFDAunderpart803or804ofthischaptershallbepromptlyreviewed,evaluatedandinvestigatedbyadesignatedindividual(s)andshallbemaintainedinaseparateportionofthecomplaintfilesorclearlyidentified.Inadditiontotheinformationrequiredby§820.198,recordsofinvestigationsunderthisparagraphshallincludeadeterminationof:如果按照本章803和804的要求,要由指定的人员对必须报告给FDA的抱怨事件进行快速的评审、评价和调查,并将该抱怨的文档单独保存或做明显标识。除了820.198(e)所要求的信息,调查记录应确定以下问题:(1)Whetherthedevicefailedtomeetspecifications;器械是否没有满足规范(2)Whetherthedevicewasbeingusedfortreatmentordiagnosis;andReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 器械是否用来诊断或治疗用(3)Therelationship,ifany,ofthedevicetothereportedincidentoradverseevent.器械与所报告的不良事件有何关系(e)Whenaninvestigationismadeunderthissection,awrittenrecordofeachinvestigationshallbemaintainedbytheformallydesignatedunitidentifiedinparagraph(a)ofthissection.Therecordofinvestigationshallinclude:当进行调查时,应由指定的部门保持调查记录,调查记录应包括:(1)Thenameofthedevice;器械的名称;(2)Thedatethecomplaintwasreceived;收到抱怨的日期;(3)Anydeviceidentification(s)andcontrolnumber(s)used;所使用的器械的标识和控制码;(4)Thename,address,andphonenumberofthecomplainant;抱怨人的联系电话、地址和姓名;(5)Thenatureanddetailsofthecomplaint;抱怨的性质和细节。(6)Thedatesandresultsoftheinvestigation;调查的日期和结果(7)Anycorrectiveactiontaken;and所采取的纠正措施;(8)Anyreplytothecomplainant.对抱怨的回复。(f)Whenthemanufacturer'sformallydesignatedcomplaintunitislocatedatasiteseparatefromtheactualmanufacturingestablishment,theinvestigatedcomplaint(s)andtherecord(s)ofinvestigationshallbereasonablyaccessibletothemanufacturingestablishment.如果制造商指定的负责处理抱怨的部门不在生产场地,则对抱怨的调查和调查的记录应使生产场地易于获得。(g)Ifamanufacturer'sformallydesignatedcomplaintunitislocatedoutsideoftheUnitedStates,recordsrequiredunderthissectionshallbeaccessibleintheUnitedStatesateither:如果制造商指定的负责处理抱怨的部门不在美国,则本部分所要求的记录也应能在美国获得:(1)AlocationintheUnitedStateswherethemanufacturer'srecordsareregularlykept;orReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 在美国定期保持制造商记录的机构位置(2)Thelocationoftheinitialdistributor.初始销售商的位置1.SubpartN—ServicingN部分服务2.§820.200Servicing820.200服务(a)Whereservicingisaspecifiedrequirement,eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintaininstructionsandproceduresforperformingandverifyingthattheservicingmeetsthespecifiedrequirements.当规定有服务要求时,每一个制造商应建立和保持执行和验证服务满足规定要求的指导书和程序。(b)EachmanufacturerwhoreceivesaservicereportthatrepresentsaneventwhichmustbereportedtoFDAunderpart803or804ofthischaptershallautomaticallyconsiderthereportacomplaintandshallprocessitinaccordancewiththerequirementsof§820.198.每一个制造商应按照820.100的要求,采用适宜的统计方法分析服务报告(c)Servicereportsshallbedocumentedandshallinclude:如果按照本部分803和804的要求,接收的服务报告阐述的事件是必须报告给FDA的,则制造商应自动认为该报告为顾客抱怨,并按照820.198的要求进行处理。(1)Thenameofthedeviceserviced;所服务的器械的名称;(2)Anyidentification(s)andcontrolnumber(s)used;所使用的器械的标识和控制码(3)Thedateoftheservice;服务日期;(4)Theindividual(s)servicingthedevice;服务人员;(5)Theserviceperformed;andReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40 所执行的服务;(5)Thetestandinspectiondata.检验和实验数据SubpartO—StatisticalTechniquesO部分——统计技术1.§820.250Statisticaltechniques820.250统计技术(a)Whereappropriate,eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainproceduresforidentifyingvalidstatisticaltechniquesrequiredforestablishing,controlling,andverifyingtheacceptabilityofprocesscapabilityandproductcharacteristics.适当时,每一个制造商应建立和保持识别有效统计技术的程序,这些统计技术可用于建立、控制和验证过程能力和产品特性的可接受性。(b)Samplingplans,whenused,shallbewrittenandbasedonavalidstatisticalrationale.Eachmanufacturershallestablishandmaintainprocedurestoensurethatsamplingmethodsareadequatefortheirintendeduseandtoensurethatwhenchangesoccurthesamplingplansarereviewed.Theseactivitiesshallbedocumented.当使用抽样方法时,应记录抽样计划并且抽样计划要以有效的统计理论分析为基础。每一个制造商应建立和保持程序以确保抽样方法对预期用途的充分适宜性,当抽样计划发生变更时,可确保得到评审。应记录这些活动。ReprintedfromtheFederalRegister/Vol.61,No.195/Monday,October7,1996/RulesandRegulations联邦注册局出版,法规与准则,61册,第195号,,1996年10月7日Page40of40

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