毕业论文外文翻译-港口集群治理

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1、GovernanceInSeaportClustersPeterW.deErlangen1.IntroductionApartfromwell-knownphysicalfactorssuchasthelocation,maritimeaccessibilityandhinterlandinfrastructure,thegovernanceofseaportsisanimportantdeterminantoftheirperformance.Ananalysisofthegovernanceofseaportshas

2、mostlybeenlimitedtotheroleoftheportauthority.Notwithstandingthecentralroleofportauthoritiesinports,wearguethatananalysisofgovernanceinseaportsrequiresattentionfortheroleof(private)firms.Institutionaleconomicliteratureoffersausefulframeworkforanalysingadvantagesan

3、ddisadvantagesofalternativegovernancemechanismsandprovidesabasisforanalysingtherolesofportauthorities.InthispaperwedealwiththeissueofclustergovernanceinseaportsandillustrateourapproachwithananalysisoftheportofRotterdam..First,webrieflydiscussthetheoreticalfoundat

4、ionsoftheclustergovernanceconcept.Second,wediscusstheroleofportauthoritiesinthegovernanceofseaports.Third,wepresentempiricalresultsofasurveyamong43clusterexpertsinRotterdamonthegovernanceofRotterdam’sportcluster.Wefeminalitythepaperwithconclusions.2.TheQualityOfC

5、lusterGovernanceWedefineclustergovernanceas‘themixofandrelationsbetweenvariousmechanismsofcoordinationusedinacluster’.Thequalityofthegovernancediffersbetweenclusters.Thequalitydependsonthelevelofcoordinationcostsandthe‘scope’of‘coordinationbeyondprice’.Lowcoordin

6、ationcostsandmuchcoordinationbeyondpriceimprovethequalityofgovernance.Whenthebenefitsofcoordinationaredistributedunequally,when(thethreatof)opportunisticbehaviourpreventscoordinationorwhenbenefitsofcoordinationareuncertain,coordinationbeyondpricedoesnotarisespont

7、aneouslyorinstantaneously,evenwhenbenefitsofcoordinationexceedcosts.Thereforethereisingeneralashortageofcoordinationbeyondprice.Morecoordinationbeyondpriceimprovesthequalityofthegovernanceofclusters.2.1TrustInclusterswheretheleveloftrustishigh,(average)transactio

8、ncostsarerelativelylow,becauseoflowcoststospecifycontractsandlowmonitoringcosts.Furthermore,costsofcoordinationbeyondpricearelowerandasaconsequence,morecoordin