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1、R.Bruford2009PrinceAlfredCollegeIBTheoryofKnowledgeEssayWritingGuidePage1of24R.Bruford2009WhatistheEssay?EachstudentmustsubmitforexternalassessmentanessayonanyoneofthetentitlesprescribedbytheIBOforeachexaminationsession.ThetitlesfortheNovember2009session
2、areincludedinthisbooklet.Thetitlesaskgenericquestionsaboutknowledgeandarecross-disciplinaryinnature.TheymaybeansweredwithreferencetoanypartorpartsoftheTOKcourse,tospecificdisciplines,orwithreferencetoopinionsgainedaboutknowledgebothinsideandoutsidetheclas
3、sroom.Thetitlesarenotmeanttobetreatedonlyintheabstract,oronthebasisofexternalauthorities.Inallcases,essaysshouldexpresstheconclusionsreachedbystudentsthroughasustainedconsiderationofknowledgeissues;claimsandcounterclaimsshouldbeformulatedandmainideasshou
4、ldbeillustratedwithvariedandeffectiveexamplesthatshowtheapproachconsciouslytakenbythestudent.Essaysshoulddemonstratethestudentʼsabilitytolinkknowledgeissuestoareasofknowledgeandwaysofknowing.Thechosentitlemustbeusedexactlyasgiven;itmustnotbealteredinanyw
5、ay.Studentswhomodifythetitlesmaygainveryfewornopoints,sincetheknowledgeissuesthatessaystreatmustberelevanttothetitlesintheirprescribedformulation.Theessaymustbewellpresented,clearlylegible,and,whereappropriate,includereferencesandabibliography.Acknowledg
6、mentsandreferencesStudentsareexpectedtoacknowledgefullyandindetailthework,thoughtsorideasofanotherpersonifincorporatedinworksubmittedforassessment,andtoensurethattheirownworkisnevergiventoanotherstudent,eitherintheformofhardcopyorbyelectronicmeans,knowin
7、gthatitmightbesubmittedforassessmentastheworkofthatotherstudent.Factualclaimsthatmaybeconsideredcommonknowledge(forexample,“Thesecondworldwarendedin1945”)donotneedtobereferenced.However,whatonepersonthinksofascommonknowledge,withinaparticularculture,mayb
8、eunfamiliartosomeoneelse,forexample,anassessorinadifferentpartoftheworld.Ifindoubt,giveanauthoritativesourcefortheclaim.Eventhemostcarefullyarguedcaseisweakifitsfoundationsarenotsecure.TheprinciplebehindreferencinginTOKist
