Suggestions on how to avoid pragmatic failure and develop students’ communicative competence25

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1、Suggestionsonhowtoavoidpragmaticfailureanddevelopstudents’communicativecompetenceAbstract:Pragmaticfailureisthemainsourcethatgivesrisetocross-culturalcommunicationbreakdown.Forefficientcommunicationandcorrectunderstanding,teachersshouldfocustheirattentiononla

2、nguageinuseandhelpthestudentsraisetheircommunicativeability.Theauthorgivessomesuggestionsonhowtoavoidpragmaticfailureanddevelopstudents’communicativecompetence.Keywords:pragmaticfailure;　communicativecompetence;　Englishteaching61.PragmaticFailure1.1Definition

3、ofPragmaticFailurePragmaticfailurewasfirstputforwardbyThomas(1983)torefertotheinabilitytounderstandwhatismeantbywhatissaid.Shenotesthat“pragmaticfailurehasoccurredonanyoccasiononwhichH(thehearer)perceivestheforceofS’s(thespeaker’s)utteranceasotherthanSintende

4、dsheorheshouldperceiveit.AfterThomaspublishedher“Cross-CulturalPragmaticFailure”,manyscholarsinChinabegantostudythisissue.HuWenzhongusesthetermculturalmistakestorefertolanguageandbehaviorthatisinappropriateorunacceptabletomostnativespeakers,andheconsidersthat

5、culturalmistakesareoftenworsethanlinguisticonesandtendtocreateillfeelingbetweennativespeakersandChinesespeakersofEnglish.HeZirannotesthatpragmaticfailureisthosefaults,whichmakethecommunicationimperfectinverbalcommunication.1.2TypesofPragmaticFailureAccordingt

6、oThomas,pragmaticfailurecanbedividedintotwotypes:pragmalinguisticfailureandsociopragmaticfailure.Pragmalinguisticfailureoccurswhenthepragmaticforcemappedbyspeakersontoagivenutteranceissystematicallydifferentfromtheforcemostfrequentlyassignedtoitbynativespeake

7、rsofthetargetlanguage,orwhenspeechactstrategiesareinappropriatelytransferredfromL1toL2.Sociopragmaticfailurereferstothekindofmiscommunicationresultingfromignoranceornegligenceofsocialorculturaldifferencesofthespeakerorthelistenerincross-culturalcommunication.

8、Sociopragmaticfailureismuchmoredifficulttodealwith.Itmainlystemsfromculturaldifferences.2.MajorCausesofStudents’PragmaticFailure2.1InappropriateTransferTransferistheinfluenceresultingfrom