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1、ReferenceContrastinChineseandEnglishTextAbstract:Referenceisoneofthemostimportantgrammaticaldevicesforcohesionoftext.Itisakindofsemanticrelationship,whichindicatesthatcertainitemsintextcanberetrievedfromelsewhere.ReferenceinbothChineseandEnglishlanguagescanbedividedintopersonalref
2、erence,demonstrativereferenceandcomparativereference.However,therearedistinctivefeaturesinthemanipulationofreferencesinthesetwolanguages,i.e.,morepersonalanddemonstrativereferencesareusedinEnglishwhilemorezero-referencesandrepetitionsofwordsinChinese,whichcorrespondstothefactthatC
3、hinesedemonstratesparatacticprominencewhileEnglishhypotacticprominence.Keywords:reference;cohesionoftext;contrastiveanalysis1．IntroductionAccordingtoHallidayandHasan’stheoryofthetextualcohesion,referencebelongstothegrammaticaldevicesforcohesion.Theypointthatinatextsomewords,instea
4、dofbeinginterpretedsemanticallyintheirownright,makereferencetosomethingelsefortheirinterpretation；thatistosay,reference,asasemanitcrelation,servesasapointwheretheinterpretationofacomponentinthetextisdependentuponthatofanother.Fromtheperspectiveofpragmaticfunction,HallidayandHasanc
5、ategorizereferenceintotwotypes：exophoraandendophor.Theformermeansthattheinterpretationofsomeelementinthetextisnottobefoundinthetextatall,butinthesituation,andthelatterisjusttheoppositesituationoftheformer；andendophorcouldbefurtherdividedintotwosub-types：cataphora—indicatingthatthe
6、presupposedelementshouldbesomewhereinanearliersentence,andanaphora—meaningthattheelementwouldbefoundinthefollowingsentence.Thereforereferenceistheinterpretativerelationsbetweentheobjectanditsreferentwithintheinter-sententialstructure.AccordingtoHallidayandHasan’stheory,therearethr
7、eetypesofreference：personal,demonstrative,andcomparative,amongwhichthefirsttwoarethemajortype.ThepaperwillcontrastthethreecohesivedevicesinChineseandEnglishtextrespectively.2．PersonalreferencePersonalreferenceisrealisedbypersonalpronoun（suchasI,you,heshe,theyhimherthem,andsoon）,po
8、ssessivedeterminer（your,his,her,t
