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1、OnNaturalisminSisterCarrie论《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义[摘要]西奥多·德莱塞是美国最伟大的自然主义作家之一。他的第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》作为一部伟大的艺术作品为现代文学的发展竖立了一个重要的里程碑，而小说中自然主义的运用则为小说的成功奠定了基础。本文旨在从环境，机遇和遗传三个方面来探讨小说中的自然主义特色。[关键词]西奥多·德莱塞自然主义环境机遇遗传Abstract:TheodoreDreiserisoneofAmerica’sgreatestnaturalistwriter
2、s.NaturalismcontributesalottothesuccessofhisfirstnovelSisterCarrie,whichisbothamajorworkofartandanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofliterarymodernism.ThispaperaimstodiscussthenaturalisticfeaturesinSisterCarriemainlyfromthreeaspects:environmentalfacto
3、rs,chancesandhereditaryfactors.Keywords:TheodoreDreiser;naturalism;environment;chance;hereditaryfactor1IntroductionTheodoreDreiserisarepresentativeAmericannaturalistwriter.Hisfrankdiscussionandcelebrationofsexarenewandshockingtothereadingpublic,andheo
4、pensanewgroundofAmericannaturalism.“Therevivalofnaturalisminthe1930senthronedDreiserastheguideandpioneerforthelatter-daynaturalistssuchasJamesT.Farrell,JohnO’Hara,andJohnDosPasses,foritisinDreiser’sworksthatAmericannaturalismissaidtohavecometoage”(常耀信
5、,2003:148).ApartfromHemingwayandFaulkner,DreiserisalsoregardedasoneofthethreegreatestnovelistsinAmericaafterWorldWarI.InSinclairLewis’NobelPrizeAcceptanceSpeech,hehighlypraisedDreiserandpointedoutthatitwasDreiserratherthanhehimselfthatdeservedtheprize
6、,“Dreisermorethananyotherman,marchingalone,usuallyunappreciated,oftenhated,hasclearedthetrailfromVictorianandHowellsiantimidityandgentilityinAmericanfictiontohonestyandboldnessandpassionoflife.Withouthispioneering,Idoubtifanyofuscould,unlesswelikedtob
7、esenttojail,seektoexpresslifeandbeautyandterror”(钱青,1997:117).Actually,heexpressedawidespreadfeelinginAmericanliterarycommunity.DreiserwasthetwelfthchildrenofGermanimmigrantsandgrewupinpoverty.Attheageoffifteen,hewasforcedtoleavehomeinsearchofwork.Soh
8、ispersonalexperiencesplayanimportantroleinleadinghimtoapessimisticviewofhumanhelplessnessinthefaceofouterforcesandinstinct.Withgreatefforts,hebecomesaleadingwriterofAmericanliteraryhistory.HeisaproductivewriterwhosemasterpieceisAnAmericanTrage
