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《The Pharmaceutical Use of Permethrin Sources and Behavior During Municipal Sewage Treatment》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ThePharmaceuticalUseofPermethrin:SourcesandBehaviorDuringMunicipalSewageTreatmentAbstract Permethrinentereduseinthe1970sasaninsecticideinawiderangeofapplications,includingagriculture,horticultural,andforestry,andhassincebeenrestricted.Inthe21stcentury,thepresenceof
2、permethrinintheaquaticenvironmenthasbeenattributedtoitsuseasahumanandveterinarypharmaceutical,inparticularasapedeculicide,inadditiontootheruses,suchasamoth-proofingagent.However,asaconsequenceofitstoxicitytofish,sourcesofpermethrinanditsfateandbehaviorduringwastewat
3、ertreatmentaretopicsofconcern.Thisstudyhasestablishedthathighoverallremovalofpermethrin(approximately90%)wasachievedduringwastewatertreatmentandthatthiswasstronglydependentontheextentofbiologicaldegradationinsecondarytreatment,withmorelimitedsubsequentremovalinterti
4、arytreatmentprocesses.Sourcesofpermethrininthecatchmentmatchedwellwithmeasuredvaluesincrudesewageandindicatedthatdomesticuseaccountedformorethanhalfoftheloadtothetreatmentworks.However,removalmaynotbeconsistentenoughtoachievetheenvironmentalqualitystandardsnowbeingd
5、erivedinmanycountriesevenwheretertiarytreatmentprocessesareapplied.Aplethoraofanthropogenicorganicmicropollutantshavebeendischargedtosewersformanyyearsfrombothindustrialanddomesticsourcesandsurfacerun-offwherecombinedsewersexist.Someoftheseorganicmicropollutantsarea
6、causeforconcernbecauseoftheirpotentialdetrimentalimpactsonhumanhealthshouldtheyenterthefoodchainorwatersupply,butsuchoccurrencesareveryrare,andregulationsafeguardshumanhealth.However,manyofthesecompoundscanhaveenvironmentalimpacts:Someareacutelytoxic,whilstothersact
7、bymorecomplexmechanisms,suchasendocrinedisruption.Manyofthesechemicalsareinsecticides,herbicides,solvents,pharmaceuticals,orplasticisers,althoughnumerousothergenericchemicalgroupscontributecompoundsofpotentialconcern.Forsomeofthesecompoundstheirenvironmentalimpactsa
8、rewellestablishedandtheyareincludedonvariouslists.Thesecompoundsarecategorizedasincludingpharmaceuticalsandendocrine-disruptingchemicals.S
