柴油发动机外文翻译

《柴油发动机外文翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、外文原文TheDieselEngineIn1892RudolfDieseldevelopedandobtainedtheGermanpatentforthedieselengine.Hisgoalwastocreateanenginethatwashighlyefficient.Muchmoreefficientthanthegasolineenginethatwasinventedin1876andwasnotveryefficientatall,especiallyatthatpointintime.Therearetwomaindifferen

2、cesbetweenadieselengineandagasolineengine:(1)Agasolineengineintakesamixtureofgasandair,compressesitandignitesthemixturewithaspark.Adieselenginetakesinjustair,compressesitandtheninjectsfuelintothecompressedair.Theheatofthecompressedairlightsthefuelspontaneously.(2)Agasolineengin

3、ecompressesataratioof8:1to12:1,whileadieselenginecompressesataratioof14:1toashighas25:1.Thehighercompressionratioofthedieselengineleadstobetterefficiency.Gasolineenginesuseeitheracarburetororafuelinjectionsystemtodeliverthefueltothecylinder.Withacarburetorthefuelismixedasitente

4、rstheintakemanifold,longbeforeitgetstothecylinders.Inafuelinjectionsystemthefuelisinjectedjustbeforetheintakestrokeattheintakevalve.Dieselenginesusedirectfuelinjection(DI),thatistosaythedieselfuelisinjecteddirectlyintothecylinder.Thedieselenginehasnosparkplugs.Theairittakesinis

5、compressedandthefuelisinjecteddirectlyintothecylinderwheretheheatcausedbytheaircompressionignitesthefuel.Intheolddaysthismeantthatitexplodedandexpandedveryquickly,makinganoisyengine.ThisiswhymostdieselcarswereIDI(indirectinjection);theroughbehaviorwasfixedbyinjectingthefuelinto

6、asmallpre-combustionchamberthatisconnectedtothecylinderbyanarrowpassage.Thisslowsdowntheexplosion,asthegasseshavetoescapefromthroughthenarrowpassageintothecylinder.Thisgivesasofterbangandasmootherengine,butthegasseshavetoworkharder,whichlowerstheefficiencyalittle.Howeverthenewe

7、rbreedofDIenginesuseothertechniquestotamethebehavioroftheengine,suchastwostageinjection,electroniccontrol.Theinjectoronadieselengineisitsmostcomplexcomponentandhasbeenthesubjectofagreatdealofdevelopmentandinnovation.Onanyspecificengineitmaybelocatedinavarietyofplaces.Theinjecto

8、rhastobeabletowithstandthetemperatureandpressureinside