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1、THECROWDAStudyofthePopularMindGustaveLeBonDOVERPUBLICATIONS,INC.Mineola,NewYorkPublisher'sNote:Someoftheopinionspresentedinthisbookreflectattitudesthatwerecommonamongsomewritersonsocialissuesduringthefinalyearsofthenineteenthcentury,inEuropeandtheUnitedStates,butnolongera
2、recommon.BibliographicalNoteThisDoveredition,firstpublishedin2002,isanunabridgedrepublicationofthesecondEnglish-languageeditionoftheworkoriginallypublishedinFranceasLapsychologiedesjoulesin1895andfirstpublishedinEnglishin1896byT.FisherUnwin,London.LibraryofCongressCatalog
3、ing-in-PublicationDataLeBon,Gustave,1841-1931.[Psychologiedesfoules.English]Thecrowd:astudyofthepopularmind/GustaveLeBon.p.cm.AnunabridgedrepublicationofastandardEnglishtranslationoftheworkoriginallypublishedin1895inFranceasLapsychologiedesfoules.ISBN0-486-41956-8(pbk.)1.
4、Crowds.I.Title.HM871.L42001302.3'3—dc212001028670ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaDoverPublications,Inc.,31East2ndStreet,Mineola,N.Y.11501Prefacehefollowingworkisdevotedtoanaccountofthecharac•Tteristicsofcrowds.Thewholeofthecommoncharacteristicswithwhichhered•ityendo
5、wstheindividualsofaraceconstitutethegeniusoftherace.When,however,acertainnumberoftheseindividualsaregatheredtogetherinacrowdforpurposesofaction,observationprovesthat,fromthemerefactoftheirbeingassembled,thereresultcertainnewpsychologicalcharacteristics,whichareaddedtother
6、acialcharacteristicsanddifferfromthemattimestoaveryconsiderabledegree.Organisedcrowdshavealwaysplayedanimportantpartinthelifeofpeoples,butthisparthasneverbeenofsuchmomentasatpresent.Thesubstitutionoftheunconsciousactionofcrowdsfortheconsciousactivityofindividualsisoneofth
7、eprincipalcharacteristicsofthepresentage.Ihaveendeavouredtoexaminethedifficultproblempresentedbycrowdsinapurelyscientificmanner—thatis,bymakinganefforttoproceedwithmethod,andwithoutbeinginfluencedbyopinions,theories,anddoctrines.This,Ibelieve,istheonlymodeofarrivingatthed
8、iscoveryofsomefewparticlesoftruth,especiallywhendealing,asisthecasehere,withaquestionthatisthesu
