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1、专业技术资料整理分享1.zRomanticperiod2.zWashingtonIrving3.zEdgarAllanPoe4.zNathanialHawthorne5.zWaltWhitman6.zEmilyDickinson7.zII.Realistperiod8.zMarkTwain9.zSherwoodAnderson10.zStephenCrane11.zTheodoreDreiser12.zIII.Modernperiod13.zF.S.Fitzgerald14.zErnestHemingw
2、ay15.zWilliamFaulknerWORD文档下载可编辑专业技术资料整理分享1.TranscendentalismTranscendentalismreferstothereligiousandphilosophicaldoctrinesofRalphWaldoEmersonandothersinNewEnglandinthemiddle1800’s,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition,theOverso
3、ul,andNature.OtherconceptsthataccompaniedTranscendentalismincludetheideathatnatureisennoblingandtheideathattheindividualisdivineand,therefore,self-reliant.NewEnglandTranscendentalismistheproductofacombinationofnativeAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanRomantici
4、sm.2.NaturalismNaturalism,amoredeliberatekindofrealism,usuallyinvolvesaviewofhumanbeingsaspassivevictimsofnaturalforcesandsocialenvironment.Asaliterarymovement,naturalismwasinitiatedinFranceanditcametobeledbyZola,whoclaimedat“scientific”statusforhisstudi
5、esofimpoverishedcharactersmiserablysubjectedtohunger,sexualobsession,andhereditarydefects.Naturalfictionaspiredtoasociologicalobjectivity,offeringdetailedandfullyresearchedinvestigationsintounexploredcornersofmodernsociety.Themostsignificantworkofnatural
6、isminEnglishbeingDreiser’sSisterCarrie.3.AmericanDreamTheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courageanddeterminationonecanachieveabetterlifeforoneself,usuallythroughfinancialprosperity.Thesewerevaluesheldb
7、ymanyearlyEuropeansettlers,andhavebeenpassedontosubsequentgenerations.4.TheLostGenerationThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbyGertrudeSteintorefertoagroupofAmericanLiterarynotableswholivedinParisfromthetimeperiodwhichsawtheendofWorldWarItothebeginningoftheGre
8、atDepression.SignificantmembersincludedErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,EzraPound,SherwoodAnderson,T.S.Eliot,andGertrudeSteinherself.Hemingwaylikelypopularizedtheterm,quotingStein(“Youareallalostgeneration”)asepigraphtohi
