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1、SupplementaryReadingPartOneTheframersoftheConstitutionhadseveralclear-cutobjectivesinmind.Theysetthesedownwithremarkableclarity（清楚明晣）ina52-word,six-pointpreamble（序，绪言，前言）totheprincipaldocument.“WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishju
2、stice（正义）,insuredomestictranquility（平静，安静，安宁）,providedfor（为。。提供生活费，为。。作准备，规定，养）thecommondefense(国防）,promote（促进，推进）thegeneralwelfare（公共福利）,andsecure（安全的，牢固的，安心的）theblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity（后代，后世子孙）,doordain（任命，授予，命令，判定）andestablishthisConstitutio
3、nfortheUnitedStatesofAmerican”Theproblemofbuildinga“moreperfectUnion”wastheobviousissuefacingthe13statesin1787.ItwasquiteclearthatalmostanyunionwouldbemorenearlyperfectthanthatwhichexitedundertheArticlesofConfederation.（结盟，联盟）Butdevising（想出，设计，遗赠给，图谋，遗赠的财产，）another
4、structuretoreplaceitinvolved（复杂难懂的，与他人有密切关系的。表明，牵涉）criticalchoices.（关健的选择）Allthestateswerecovetous（贪婪的，垂涎的，爱财的。）ofthesovereignpowers（最高权力）theyhadexercisedsincethebreakaway（脱离的，分离出支的，逃脱，背弃）fromEngland11yearsearlier.Balancing“states’rights‘withtheneedsofacentralgover
5、nmentwasnoeasytask.ThemakersoftheConstitutionaccomplished（熟练的，完成的，有修养的。）itbylettingthestateskeepallthepowersnecessarytoregulatethedailylivesoftheirpeople,providedthat（假若，设若）thesepowersdidnotconflictwith（倾轧，冲突）theneedsandwelfareofthenationasawhole.Thisdivisionofauth
6、orityisessentially（本质上，根本上，本来）thesametoday.Thepowerofeachstateoverlocalaffairs（地方事务）--inmatterssuchasbusinessorganization（企业组织）,workcondition（工况）,marriageanddivorce（离婚）,localtaxation（课税，征税，）,andordinarypolicepowers--issofullyrecognizedandacceptedthattwoneighborings
7、tatesfrequentlyhavewidelydifferinglawsonthesamesubject.Ingenious（灵巧的。精巧的有天才的，聪明的）thoughtheconstitutionalarrangementwas,thecontroversy（公开辩论，论战）overstates’rightscontinuedtofester（腐烂，腐败，激起怨忿）until,three-quartersofacenturylater,in1861,afour-yearwarbrokeoutbetweenthesta
8、tesoftheNorthandthoseoftheSouth.Theunderlying(潜在的，含蓄的，基础的，优先的)issuewastherightofthefederalgovernmenthadsucharight,whilesouthernersheldthatslavery
