发展经济学72809new

《发展经济学72809new》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Chapter2TheoreticalFrameworkofEconomicDevelopment·Summary·Harrod-DomarModel·Solow-SwanGrowthModel·EconomicGrowthFactorsAnalysis·RostowEconomicGrowthPhasesTheory·ASocialDevelopmentModel（社会发展模型）·InducedInnovationTheory（诱致性创新理论）·一、Harrod-Domargrowthmodel1.Thebasicthoughts·Theformatio

2、nofcapitalistheonlyreasonforeconomyextendedandsteadygrowth.·2.Thebasichypothesis（1）Overallsocietyonlyproductsakindofoutputwhichcanbeconsumedaswellasproductotheroutput.（2）Thereareonlytwoproductelements:capitalandlabor.Theratioisinvariable.kmeanstheratioofcapitaltooutput，k=K/Y=ΔK/ΔY

3、，decidedbyexteriorfactor.*Laborgrowswithainvariableexogenousraten.Capitalwithoutdepreciation,andincreasingbytheamountofnewinvestment.（3）GNPisdistributedbetweenworkersinwageandcapitalistsinprofitaccordingtothemarginalutility,andconstantreturnstoscale.（4）Theprofitincapitalist’hands,

4、partlyforconsumption,thesurplusfordepositwhichwillautomaticallychangeintoinvestment.（5）Therehaveasimpleratiofunctionbetweensaving(S)andincome(Y）S=s×Y，sstandsforsavingrate，decidedbyexteriorfactor.·根据凯恩斯的收入决定论，投资等于储蓄，I=S·于是，I=S=ΔK·两边同除以ΔY，得·ΔK/ΔY=k=S/ΔY=s×Y/ΔY·于是可以得G=ΔY/Y=s/k·这就是哈罗德

5、—多马模型的基本方程式。由于k是由外在因素决定的，因此储蓄和资本的不断形成是经济保持持续增长的决定因素3.Content·Certaincountry’seconomicgrowthisdeterminedbydeposittendencyandtheratioofcapitaltooutput.Thatis：·Inthisformula:pg---economicgrowthrate，whichistheratioofnationalincomeincrement；ps---theratioofdeposittonationalincome,i.ethe

6、averagesavingrate；pk---theratioofcapitaltooutput，i.einvestmentmodulusoracceleration.4.TheapplicationofHarrod-Domargrowthmodel·Thismodeldemonstrateshowtokeepthecountry’seconomicsteadyandbalancedgrowth.·Ifps=12%，pk=3（3unitcapitalmake1unitoutput），thenpg=12%/3=4%.·5.Themeaningandlimit

7、ationofHarrod-Domargrowthmodel（1）Themeaning（P44）（2）Thelimitation（P45-46）·二、Solow-Swangrowthmodel1.Hypothesis（1）Sincecapitalandlaborareinter-replaceable,thecapital-laborratioischangeable.（2）Twoelements（capitalandlabor）arethemainmotivationofoutputgrowth,andthecapitallabor’smarginalp

8、roductivityisdiminishing.（3）Thema