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1、Chapter12 ReproductivePhysiologyWangGuoqingDepartmentofPhysiology,MedicalSchool,SoochowUniversity,Suzhou215123,ChinaE-mail:wangguoqing@suda.edu.cnTel:0512-62096158;13506212030I.SexualdifferentiationandformationofgenitaliaII.Malereproductivesystem:functionandregulationIII.Fema
2、lereproductivesystem:functionandregulationIV.PregnancyandparturitionV.MechanismofmilksecretionVI.SexPhysiologyWhatwillwediscussinthischapter?(Outline)I.Sexualdifferentiationandformationofgenitalia1.SexualDifferentiation性别的分化Sexualdifferentiationisdeterminedatthreelevels:chromo
3、somes,gonads,andphenotype.MaleshaveXYandfemaleshaveXXchromosomes.FemalecharacteristicsdevelopspontaneouslyintheabsenceoftheYchromosome.Ychromosomecontainsthegene－sex-determiningregion(SRY)－thatisnecessaryforthedevelopmentofmalecharacteristics.Gonadsarecomposedofthreecelltypesi
4、nbothmalesandfemales:supportingcells(Sertoliorgranulosacells);stomalcells(Leydigorthecacells);andgermcells(spermatogoniaoroocytes).Fetaltestessecretetwohormones－antimullerianhormoneandtestosterone－thatareessentialfordevelopmentofthemalegonadsandinternalgenitalia;intheirabsence
5、femalegonadsandinternalgenitaliadevelop.Dihydrotestosteroneisresponsiblefordevelopmentofmaleexternalgenitalia.Humanchromosomes人类染色体Chromosomesmaydecidesex染色体决定性别2.Formationofinternalgenitalia内生殖器的形成3.Formationofexternalgenitalia外生殖器的形成OriginofmammalianlifePuberty青春期Onsetofpube
6、rtyismarkedbypulsatilesecretionofGnRH,FSH,andLH(female,ageof6-8yearsandmale,ageof9-10years).Inthemale,FSHstimulatesspermandSertolicelldevelopmentwhileLHstimulatesLeydigcellproliferationandtestosteronesecretion.Inthefemale,FSHstimulatesfollicledevelopmentand,alongwithLH,thesynt
7、hesisofestradiol.Testosteroneandestradiolstimulatethedevelopmentofsecondarysexcharacteristicsandagrowthspurtinthemaleandfemale,respectively.Malereproductivesystem: functionandregulationTestesarecomposedofseminiferoustubulesthatproducespermandLeydigcells,whichproducetestosteron
8、e.Spermatogenesisresultsfromconversionofspermatogoniatomature
