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1、JohnDonne(1572-1631)JohnDonnetheleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschoolHisLifeJohnDonnewasborntoaprosperousLondonin1572.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhewasraisedbyhismother,Elizabeth.Donne'sfirstliterarywork,satireswaswrittenduringthisperiod.ThiswasfollowedbySongsan
2、dSonnets.Thenin1617AnneDonnediedingivingbirthtothecouple's12thchild.HerdeathaffectedDonnegreatly,thoughhecontinuedtowrite,notablyHolySonnets(1618).InhisfinalyearsDonne'spoemsreflectanobsessionwithhisowndeath,whichcameonMarch31,1631.JohnDonneisrememberedforthewitan
3、dpoignancyofhispoetry.Donne’spoemscanbedividedintotwocategories:theyouthfullovelyricsandthelatersacredverses.TheyouthfullovelyricswerepublishedafterhisdeathasSongsandSonnetsin1633.Hisearlypoemswerelovesongs,elegies,andversesatires.Donne’slatersacredverses,publishe
4、din1624asDevotionsuponEmergentOccasionswhichshowtheintenseinterestDonnetookinthespectacleofmoralityundertheshadowofdeath,avisionthathauntedhimperpetually,andinspiredthehighestflightsofhiseloquence.MetaphysicalPoetryThetermappliestoagroupof17th-centuryEnglishpoetsw
5、housedcertaincommontechniquesandemployedafewcommonthemes.RevoltagainstElizabethanlovepoetryandthetradition.Psychologicalanalysisofemotionsofloveandreligion.Penchantfornovelandevenshockingcomparisons.Metaphysicalconceit---extendedmetaphor.Metaphysicalwit---comparis
6、onofapparentlyquitedissimilarobjectsofconceptsandthediscoverythattheyareafterallsimilar.Roughnessofmeterandirregularrhyme.MetaphysicalSchoolThoughtherewasnoorganizedgroupofpoetswhoimitatedDonne,theinfluenceofhispoeticstylewaswidelyfeltonGeorgeHerbert,RichardCrasho
7、w,HenryVaughan,andA.Cowley.TheywerenamedasthemetaphysicalschoolofpoetsbyJohnDrydenandDr.Johnson,notwithoutaderogatoryconnotation.SamuelJohnsoncoinedtheterm"metaphysicalpoets"todescribeDonneandhispoeticdescendantswhenhewroteofAbrahamCowleyintheLivesoftheEnglishPoet
8、sthatthemetaphysicalpoetsweremenoflearning,andtoshowlearningwastheirwholeendeavor.FeaturesThedictionissimple,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.
