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1、定语从句初中教学课件 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome. 3.由whose引导的定语从
2、句中,whose用作定语,如:doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite 4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如: theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop. theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean. thisisthepenwhichyouwant. 注意: (1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;
3、但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如:heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:ihavelost mybag,whichilikeverymuch. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如: thebookthatiboug
4、htyesterdaywaswrittenbyluxun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如: allthatwehavetodoistopractiseenglish. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如 thefirstletterthatigotfromhimwillbekept. (3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,so
5、me等修饰,如 i’veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme. (4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如 heistheonlypersonthatiwanttotalkwith. (5)先行词既有人又有物时,如: theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet. (6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:whoisthemanthatisgivingusthe class 6.由when,where,why
6、引导的定语从句,如: idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate. thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years. i’llneverforgetthedaywhenimetmrliforthefirsttime. 注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。thisisthehousewhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(wherehehaslive
7、dfor15year.) 7.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,这些关系代词都不能省略。 (2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:ihavetwobrothers,whoarebothstudents. 8.如何简化定语从句 (
8、1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如: mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere. →mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在