城乡二元户籍制度下教育成就与收入差异关系研究

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1、城乡二元户籍制度下教育成就与收入差异关系研究　　摘要：提升教育水平、缩小城乡收入差距是社会、家庭和个人的共同目标。本文采用CFPS2014年的数据，考虑可能影响居民教育成就的个体特征、能力特征、家庭环境等个体异质性变量，建立多元OrderedLogit模型验证教育成就是否存在城乡差异。在此基础上，运用倾向值匹配法分析城乡二元户籍制度下不同教育成就分别对城乡居民产生多大的收入差异。研究发现：考虑个体异质性变量后，居民教育成就依然存在城乡差异，各阶段教育成就产生的收入差异有很大差别；高中教育产生的收入差异最低，高中教育对农村居民产生的收入差异仅为义务教

2、育的20.9%；高等教育产生的收入差异最高，远高于高中教育。为缩小我国城乡教育差距和收入差距，本文提出教育资源应向农村地区倾斜、贫困家庭鼓励子女接受教育和完善高校助贫体系的政策建议。　　关键词：城乡二元户籍制度；个体异质性；教育成就；收入差异；多元OrderedLogit回归；倾向值匹配　　中图分类号：G40-054文献标志码：A文章编号：1671-1254（2017）01-0087-09　　EducationalAchievementandIncomeGapunderDual　　UrbanandRuralHouseholdRegistry　　XI

3、AOQin，LIUYaxin，XIAOLei　　（FacultyofManagementandEconomics，KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology，Kunming650093，Yunnan，China）Abstract：Itisthecommongoalofthesociety，thefamiliesandtheindividualstoimproveeducationallevelandnarrowtheincomegapbetweenurbanandruralareas.Inthispaper，am

4、ultiple-orderedLogitmodelisestablishedtoverifytheeffectofdualurbanandruralhouseholdregistryoneducationalachievementsbyconsideringindividualheterogeneityvariablessuchasindividualcharacteristics，abilitycharacteristicsandfamilyenvironmentbasedontheCFPSdatacollectedin2012.Basedont

5、heanalysis，thePropensityScoreMatchingmethodisusedtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweeneducationalachievementandincomedifferenceunderdualurbanandruralhouseholdregistry.Theresultsshowthat1）educationalachievementissignificantlydifferentbetweenurbanandruralpupilsconsideringindividualhet

6、erogeneityvariables，andthereisabigincomegapbetweendifferenteducationalachievements；2）incomedifferenceresultingfromseniormiddleschooleducationisthelowest，whichisonly20.9%ofthatfromthecompulsoryeducation；3）incomedifferenceresultingfromhighereducationforruralresidentsishighest，wh

7、ichismuchhigherthanthatfromseniormiddleschooleducation.Toreducetheeducationandincomegapbetweenruralandurbanareas，thispapersuggeststhatruralandpoorareasshouldbeofferedmoreeducationalresources，poorfamiliesshouldencouragetheirchildrentogethighereducation，anduniversitiesshouldperf

8、ectthesystemofassistingthestudentsoflower-incomefamilies.　　Ke