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1、PEOPLEmayusetheexpression“birdbrain”inEnglish阅读理解答案 PEOPLEmayusetheexpression“birdbrain”inEnglishtotalkaboutsomeonewhoisstupid,butcrowsprovethatthisisunfair.Nowithasbeendiscoveredthatcrowsmayunderstandanalogies（类推法）. Totestthisabilityinanimals,scientistsdo“
2、relationalmatching-to-sample(RMTS)”tests.IfapairwasAA,forexample,thenpickingBBtomatchitwouldbecorrect. AninternationalteamledbyEdwardWassermanintheUSfirsttrainedtwocrowstomatchthingsbycolor,shape,andnumberinwhatiscalled“identitymatching-to-sample(IMTS)”,then
3、movedontoRMTS. FortheIMTStest,thebirdswereputinacagewithaplastictraythathadthreecardsandtwocupsinit.Thecardinthemiddlewasthesamplecard.Thecupsoneithersidewerecoveredwiththeothertwocards.Onewasthesameasthesample,whiletheotherwasn’t.Thecupwiththecardthatmatche
4、dthesamplecardcontainedtwowormstoeat. Inthesecondpartoftheexperiment,thebirdsweretestedwithrelationalmatchingpairs.Acardwithtwosame-sizedcircles,forexample,meanttheyshouldpickthetestcardwithtwosame-sizedsquaresandnottwodifferent-sizedcircles. Thebirdsdidwel
5、linthemoredifficulttestandpickedthecorrectcardmorethanthreequartersofthetime. WassermanwassurprisedthatcrowswereabletosolvetheproblemwithoutanytraininginRMTS.Hesaidinanewsrelease:“Honestly,ifitwasonlybyforcethatthecrowsshowedthislearning,thenitwouldhavebeena
6、nimpressiveresult.Butthiswasspontaneous.” Soperhapsit’stimetostopsaying”birdbrain”permanently. 28.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexpression“birdbrain”intheopeningparagraph A.Togetthereaderinterestedintheoriginsoftheexpression. B.Tourgepeopletostopsayingthatbir
7、dsarestupid. C.TointroducethetopicofEdwardWassermanandhisexperiment. D.Tointroducerecentfindingsaboutcrow’sintelligence. 29.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutthetestsonthecrows A.ThebirdsdidbetterinRMTSthaninIMTS. B.ThebirdswerefirstmadetodoRMTS,thenIMTS. C
8、.ThebirdspickedalmostallthecorrectcardsinRMTS D.IntheIMTStest,thebirdsneededtoidentifythesamplecardtogetrewards. 30.Theunderlinedword“spontaneous”isclosestinmeaning______. A.naturalB.c
