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1、Peoplemayusetheexpression“birdbrain”inEnglishtotalk阅读理解答案 Peoplemayusetheexpression“birdbrain”inEnglishtotalkaboutsomeonewhoisstupid,butcrowsprovethatthisisunfair.Nowithasbeendiscoveredthatcrowsmayunderstandanalogies（类推法）. Itwasoncethoughtthatonlyhumanscouldunderstandanalogies,whic
2、hhelpustosolveproblemscreatively，putthingsintocategoriesandmakescientificdiscoveries. Totestthisabilityinanimals,scientistsdo“relationalmatching-to-sample”(RMTS)testsaccordingtotheIFLSciencewebsite.IfapairwasAA,forexample,thenpickingBBtomatchitwouldbecorrect.1fthepairwasCD,however,t
3、henEFwouldbecorrect. ApesandmonkeyshavelearnedRMTS,butscientistswantedtoknowifcrowscoulddoit,too.AninternationalteamledbyEdwardWassermanfromtheUniversityofIowaintheUSfirsttrainedtwohoodedcrowstomatchthingsbycolor,shapeandnumberinwhatiscalled“identitymatching-to-sample(IMTS)”,thenmov
4、edontoRMTS. FortheIMTStest,thebirdswereputinacagewithaplastictraythathadthreecardsandtwocupsinit.Thecardinthemiddlewasthesamplecard.Thecupsoneithersidewerecoveredwiththeothertwocards:Onewasthesameasthesample(inthecolor,shape,ornumberofshapespictured),whiletheotherwasn’t.Thecupwithth
5、ecardthatmatchedthesamplecardcontainedtwowormstoeat. Inthesecondpartoftheexperiment,thebirdsweretestedwithrelationalmatchingpairs.Acardwithtwosame-sizedcircles,forexample,meanttheyshouldpickthetestcardwithtwosame-sizedsquaresandnottwodifferent-sizedcircles.Thebirdsdidwellinthemoredi
6、fficulttestandpickedthecorrectcardmorethanthreequartersofthetime,ScienceNewsreports. WassermanwassurprisedthatcrowswereabletosolvetheproblemwithoutanytraininginRMTS.“Whatthecrowshavedoneisextraordinary,”hesaidinanewsrelease.“Honestly,ifitwasonlybyforcethatthecrowsshowedthislearning,
7、thenitwouldhavebeenanimpressiveresult.Butthiswasspontaneous.”Soperhapsit’stimetostopsaying“bird-brain”permanently! canbeinferredfromthepassage? A.Crowswerethefirstanimaltotakethetest. B.Scientiststrainedcrowsforbothtests. C.Crowscouldgetrewardsinthefirsttest. D.InRMTS,thecrowspi
8、ckedmorecorr
