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1、Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringto阅读理解答案 Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro.”Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black.”Andthen,atapressconferen
2、ceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtowelcome.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination. Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactth
3、atnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm“Black”carriedconnotations(涵义)thatweremorenegativethanthoseof“AfricanAmerican.” Butifitwasknownthat“Black”peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom“AfricanAmericans,”researchers,untilnow,hadn’tide
4、ntifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity’sErikaHall,foundthat“Black”peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan“AfricanAmericans”becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,“Black”peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcol
5、derpersonalities. Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialdiscriminationspermeatingtheprofessionalworld.EvenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaCV,itappears,cantapintorecruiters’(招聘人员)discriminations.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliations（关系）withgroupssuchasthe“WisconsinAsso
6、ciationofAfrican-AmericanLawyers”orthe“NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation,”thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers’control. Inoneofthestudy’sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdeｓｃｒｉｐｔionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewaside
7、ntifiedas“African-American,”andanotherwastoldhewas“Black.”Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMr.Williams’salary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground. The“African-American”groupestimatedthatheearnedabout$37,000ayearandhadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The“Black”group,
8、ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout$29,000,andguessedth
