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1、About5,500yearsago,onegroupofhumansinvented阅读理解答案 阅读理解 About5,500yearsago,onegroupofhumansinventedsomethingtrulyrevolutionary:thewheel.Almostovernightnewsoftheinnovationspreadfarandwide,andwheelsbecamepopularsoquicklythatsomearchaeologistssaywecan’tbesur
2、eexactlywherethewheelwasinvented. AccordingtoEvaReindlattheUniversityofBirminghamintheUK,storieslikethistellusalotaboutwhatmakesushuman.Surprisingly,it’snotthathumansworkedouthowtomakewheelsthat’simportant—it’sthefactthatotherpopulationsquicklycaughtonand
3、copiedtheidea.Reindlandhercolleaguessaythatachimpanzee,gorillaororangutanwon’tcopyanotherape’s(猿)inventions.Eachape,saysReindl,learnsforitselfhowtosolveaproblem.Thesespecieslackourcumulative(累积的)culture—theyareconstantlyreinventingthewheel. Theyalsofindou
4、tthateventhoughourspeciesreliesonlearningfromothers,itseems—asyoungsters,atleast—we’restillcapableofthinkingent irelyforourselves.Inthisparticularfield,humansandotherapesareapparentlyborninthesamestate. Slightlyparadoxically,Reindlsaysthatfindingsimila
5、ritiesinthewayhumansandotherapesareborncanactuallyhelpusbetterdefinewhatreallydoesmakeusuniqueasaspecies.Thisisbecauseithighlightsbehaviorsthatwedevelopbutthatotherapesdonot. Forinstance,althoughwemightstartoutlifewiththesamesortoftool-usingcapabilitythat
6、achimpanzeepossesses,wesoonbegintobehaveinamoresophisticatedway—preciselybecausewewatchothersandtapintothecollectivehumanwisdomthathasaccumulateddownthegenerations.“MycolleaguesandIworkfromthestandpointthatcumulativecultureisprobablyuniquelyhuman,”saysRien
7、dl.“Butit’sasubjectofhotdebateinthefieldrightnow.” OntheothersideofthedebateareresearcherslikeChristopheBoeschattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyinLeipzig,Germany. “OurstudyofdifferenttoolselectioninTaichimpsshowsclearlythatsomeimportant
8、socialcomponentisatworkinhowchimpslearntoselecttools.Inthisregion,atleast,theapesactuallydolearnsometoolusebycarefullycopyingthosearoundthem.Westillhavesomuchtolearnabouttooluseinchimpanzees,”saysBoesch—inclu
